ORIGINAL RESEARCH Role of Pocket Ultrasound in Assessing Intravascular Volume to Guide Management in Heart Failure Patients with Renal Impairment Wissam I. Khalife . Venkata Kishore Mukku . Aiham Albaeni . Jonathan Esclovon . Ayman Elbadawi . Mohamed F. Almahmoud Received: April 17, 2021 / Accepted: June 11, 2021 / Published online: June 26, 2021 Ó The Author(s) 2021 ABSTRACT Introduction: Inpatient management of patients with heart failure (HF) and renal impairment is challenging. We sought to eval- uate the role of pocket ultrasound (US)-guided management of this patient population. Methods: We prospectively included patients with acute HF exacerbation and renal impair- ment admitted to the HF service in our University hospital from January 2017 to August 2018. We compared the outcomes of patients who received US-guided management with those who received standard of care man- agement. The main study outcome was the change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Multivariable logistic analysis was used to adjust for basic demographics and risk factors. Results:A total of 211 patients with renal impairment presenting with acute HF exacer- bation (mean age 66.8 ± 14.6 years, 41% females, 62% white) were enrolled in the study, of whom 69 (32.7%) received US-guided man- agement and 151 (68%) received standard of care management. The change in the eGFR was significantly lower in US-guided group than in the group receiving standard of care (1.1 ± 4.3% vs. - 11.15 ± 2.9%; p = 0.04). No significant difference was observed between the patient groups in the length of stay (6.45 ± 0.38 vs. 6.44 ± 0.56; days; p = 0.98) and in the 30-day HF readmission rate (hazard ratio 1.27, 95% confidence interval 0.28–5.6; p = 0.75). Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided management of patients admitted with acute HF exacerbation and renal impairment may be beneficial in preserving kidney function. US provides a sim- ple easily accessible tool to guide the manage- ment of patients with HF. Keywords: Heart failure; Ultrasound; Renal impairment W. I. Khalife (&) Á V. K. Mukku Á A. Albaeni Á A. Elbadawi Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA e-mail: wikhalif@utmb.edu V. K. Mukku Department of Internal Medicine, Baton Rouge General Medical Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA J. Esclovon Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA M. F. Almahmoud Division of Cardiology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA Cardiol Ther (2021) 10:491–500 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40119-021-00229-3