Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 2020, 12, 1077-1088 https://www.scirp.org/journal/jwarp ISSN Online: 1945-3108 ISSN Print: 1945-3094 DOI: 10.4236/jwarp.2020.1212064 Dec. 23, 2020 1077 Journal of Water Resource and Protection Evaluation of “C” Values to Head Loss and Water Pressure Due to Pipe Aging: Case Study of Uni-Central Sarawak King Kuok Kuok 1* , Po Chan Chiu 2 , Danny Chee Ming Ting 1 1 Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia 2 Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia Abstract Samarahan has transformed from a small village into education hub for the past 2 decades. Rapid development and population growth had led to speedy growth in water demand. The situation is getting worse as the pipes are dete- riorating due to pipe aging. Therefore, there is a need to study the adequacy of water supply and relationships among roughness coefficient (C) values in Hazen Williams’ Equation with head loss and water pressure due to pipe ag- ing at Uni-Central, a residential area located at Samarahan Sarawak. Investi- gations were carried out with Ductile Iron, Abestos Cement and Cast Iron pipes at age categories of 0 - 10 years, 10 - 30 years, 30 - 50 years, 50 - 70 years and >70 years. Six critical nodes named as A, B, C, D, E and F were identified to study the water pressure and head loss. Model was developed with Info- Works Water Supply (WS) Pro software. The impact of pipe aging and mate- rials to water pressure and head loss was not significant at Nodes A, B, C and F. However, max water pressure at Nodes D and F were only reaching 6.30 m and 7.30 m, respectively for all investigations. Therefore, some improvement works are required. Results also show that Asbestos Cement pipe has the least impact on the head loss and water pressure, followed by Ductile Iron pipe and lastly Cast Iron pipe. Simulation results also revealed that older pipes have higher roughness coefficients, indicated with lower “C” values, thus in- crease the head loss and reduce the water pressure. In contrast, as “C” values increased, head loss will be reduced and water pressure will be increased. Keywords InfoWorks Water Supply (WS) Pro, Pressure Head, Hazen-Williams Equation, Head Loss How to cite this paper: Kuok, K.K., Chiu, P.C. and Ting, D.C.M. (2020) Evaluation of “C” Values to Head Loss and Water Pres- sure Due to Pipe Aging: Case Study of Uni-Central Sarawak. Journal of Water Resource and Protection, 12, 1077-1088. https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2020.1212064 Received: June 24, 2020 Accepted: December 20, 2020 Published: December 23, 2020 Copyright © 2020 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access