Hindawi Publishing Corporation ISRN AIDS Volume 2013, Article ID 319724, 8 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/319724 Research Article Utilization of Modern Contraceptives among HIV Positive Reproductive Age Women in Tigray, Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study Yemane Berhane, 1 Haftu Berhe, 2 Gerezgiher Buruh Abera, 2 and Hailemariam Berhe 2 1 Axum College of Nursing, Tigray, Ethiopia 2 Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Ethiopia Correspondence should be addressed to Gerezgiher Buruh Abera; gbamsc2002@gmail.com Received 1 July 2013; Accepted 21 August 2013 Academic Editors: E. M. Fenyo and C. Wejse Copyright © 2013 Yemane Berhane et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background. HIV infected women in sub-Saharan Africa are at substantial risk of unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. In developing countries including Ethiopia counseling and provision of modern contraceptives of choice to HIV infected women including those on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is an important strategy to prevent unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. Little is known about the existing practices and utilization of modern contraceptives among HIV positive reproductive age women attending ART units. Objective. Te aim of this study was to assess utilization of modern contraceptives and associated factors among HIV positive reproductive age women attending ART units in zonal hospitals of Tigray region, North Ethiopia. Method. Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted by interviewing 364 HIV positive reproductive age women in all zonal hospitals of Tigray region using systematic sampling technique. Structured and pretested questionnaire was used to obtain information from the respondents. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate methods were used to analyze utilization of modern contraceptives and the factors associated with it. Result. Tree hundred sixty-four subjects participated with a response rate of 99.2%. Te mean age of the respondents was 31.9±6.5 (SD) years. About 46% of participants utilized modern contraceptives, 59.9% out of them used dual method. However, a signifcant proportion of the respondents (46%) reported that they wished to have a desire for children. Being secondary education and higher (AOR: 2.85; 95% CI: 1.17–6.95) and currently on HAART (AOR: 3.23; 95% CI: 1.49–7.01) they were more likely to utilize modern contraceptive. But those women who were ≥25 years old, house wives, single, divorced, or widowed were less likely to utilize modern contraceptive. Conclusion. Results of this study revealed that the number of respondents who were ever heard of modern contraceptives was high. However, modern contraceptive utilization was still low. Additional eforts are needed to promote modern contraceptive utilization in general and dual method use in particular among HIV positive reproductive age women. 1. Introduction At the Alma-Ata conference (1978), Family Planning services were highlighted as one of the basic and important strategies for reducing high risk pregnancies that ofen occurred too early, too late, and too frequent and also as a way to improve child heath. Family planning programs have helped women worldwide to avoid millions of unintended pregnancies ofen associated with high risk abortions since the 1960s [1]. In many countries, PMTCT programs focus on antenatal HIV testing and provision of ARV prophylaxis to HIV infected women and their newborns. However, these three components constitute just one of the four pillars for PMTCT, the remaining being primary HIV prevention in women of child-bearing age, family planning (FP) for the prevention of unwanted pregnancies, and care and treatment for HIV infected women and their HIV afected children. HIV/AIDS has had devastating efects and is currently a common complication of pregnancy in Ethiopia [2]. Counseling and provision of contraception of choice to HIV infected women including those on ART is an important strategy to prevent unintended pregnancies among HIV