proceedings of the
american mathematical society
Volume 106, Number 2, June 1989
ON TREE-LIKE CONTINUA WHICH ARE
HOMOGENEOUS WITH RESPECT TO
CONFLUENT LIGHT MAPPINGS
PAWEL KRUPSKI
(Communicated by James E. West)
Abstract. If A" is a tree-like continuum with property K which is homoge-
neous with respect to confluent light mappings, then X contains no two non-
degenerate subcontinua with the one-point intersection. This is a generalization
of C. L. Hagopian's result concerning homogeneous X .
1. Introduction
A space A is homogeneous with respect to a class M of mappings if for
every two points x, y e X there exists a mapping f e M of A onto A such
that f(x) = y.
Many results concerning the generalized homogeneity have been obtained in
recent years and a special interest was given to generalize theroems on homoge-
neous continua for some (larger than homeomorphisms) classes M of mappings
(see [2]).
There are known one-dimensional continua which are homogeneous with
respect to open light mappings but are not homogeneous (e.g. the one-point
union of two Menger universal curves [2, p. 588]). However, we don't know
such an example of a tree-like continuum. It was observed in [5] that if a
continuum A is homogeneous with respect to open mappings and each proper
subcontinuum of A is an arc, then X is not tree-like. Moreover, J. R. Prajs
has recently proved that A is a solenoid, [8].
In this paper we present an immediate proof that no tree-like continuum with
the property of Kelley which is homogeneous with respect to confluent light
mappings contains two nondegenerate subcontinua with the one-point intersec-
tion. In particular, a tree-like continuum which is homogeneous with respect to
open light mappings contains no two nondegenerate subcontinua with the one-
point intersection. The theorem is a generalization of Hagopian's result about
Received by the editors July 15, 1988.
1980 Mathematics Subject Classification (1985 Revision). Primary 54F20; Secondary 54F50,
54C10.
Key words and phrases. Continuum, homogeneous, tree-like, properly K , confluent mapping,
Effros' theorem, outlet point.
©1989 American Mathematical Society
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