1454 The Journal of Rheumatology 2008; 35:7
Personal non-commercial use only. The Journal of Rheumatology Copyright © 2008. All rights reserved.
Drug Use and Toxicity in Psoriatic Disease:
Focus on Methotrexate
WILLIAMJ.TAYLOR,ELEANORKORENDOWYCH,PETERNASH,PHILIPS.HELLIWELL,ERNESTCHOY,
GERALDG.KRUEGER,ENRIQUER.SORIANO,NEILJ.McHUGH,andCHERYLF.ROSEN
ABSTRACT. Methotrexate (MTX) toxicity in psoriatic disease was the focus of discussion at the 2007 Annual
Meeting of the Group for Research andAssessment of Psoriasis and PsoriaticArthritis (GRAPPA).
PlenarypresentationsandresultsofaWeb-basedopinionsurveyofrheumatologistsanddermatolo-
gists from GRAPPA, and others from New Zealand,Australia, and Canada, provided topics of dis-
cussion for small-group breakout sessions, including hepatotoxicity, alcohol use, fertility and preg-
nancy, and combination therapy.As a framework, topics were considered under headings: impor-
tance, knowledge deficit, sufficient data for a recommendation, and research agenda. Breakout ses-
sion conclusions/consensus were as follows: (1) Data are insufficient to recommend routine serial
liver biopsy to prevent MTX-induced liver fibrosis; further research is needed to establish whether
serial liver chemistry tests or propeptide of type III collagen can detect hepatotoxicity without the
need for liver biopsy. (2) Insufficient data are available to establish a dose-response relationship
betweenalcoholuseandMTXhepatotoxicity,sonosafelimitofalcoholintakecanberecommend-
ed. (3) Although cessation of MTX 3 months prior to conception is reasonable, inadequate data are
availabletospecifydurationortoquantifytheriskofadversefetaloutcome;registriestotrackpreg-
nancyoutcomearepotentiallyuseful.(4)Combinationtherapywithanti-TNFagentsorsulfasalazine
is safe, but insufficient data are available for combinations with leflunomide or cyclosporine. (J
Rheumatol 2008;35:1454–7)
Key IndexingTerms:
PSORIASIS PSORIATICARTHRITIS METHOTREXATE TOXICITY
From the Department of Medicine, University of Otago/Wellington, New
Zealand; Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Bath, United
Kingdom; Department of Medicine, University of Queensland, Cotton
Tree, Australia; Academic Unit of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of
Leeds, Leeds;Academic Department of Rheumatology, King’s College
London, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, University of
Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Italiano de
Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Division of Dermatology,
University ofToronto,TorontoWestern Hospital,Toronto, Ontario,
Canada.
Supported by an unrestricted financial grant fromAbbott, Centocor,
Wyeth, Amgen, and UCB Pharma.
W.J.Taylor, PhD, MBChB, FAFRM, FRACP, Department of Medicine,
University of Otago/Wellington; E. Korendowych, PhD, MRCP, Royal
National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases; P. Nash, MBBS, FRACP,
Department of Medicine, University of Queensland; P.S. Helliwell, MD,
PhD, Senior Lecturer in Rheumatology,Academic Unit of Musculoskeletal
Medicine, University of Leeds; E. Choy, MD, Reader in Rheumatology,
Academic Department of Rheumatology, King’s College London; G.G.
Krueger, MD, Department of Dermatology, University of Utah; E.R.
Soriano, MD, Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires;
N.J. McHugh, MBChB, MD, FRCP, FRCPath, Professor in Rheumatology,
Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases; C.F. Rosen, MD,
FRCPC, Division of Dermatology, University ofToronto,TorontoWestern
Hospital.Address reprint requests to Dr.W.J.Taylor, Department of
Medicine, University of Otago/Wellington, PO Box 7343,Wellington, New
Zealand; E-mail: will.taylor@otago.ac.nz.
MTX. Although many other therapeutic options are now
available to patients with psoriasis and PsA, in particular
biologic agents such as anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-
α) drugs, MTX remains an important drug. Further, impor-
tant differences exist between official recommendations for
toxicity monitoring between the dermatology community
2
and the rheumatology community
3
,whichcanbeconfusing
for both practitioners and patients. It was therefore decided
that MTX would be an appropriate focus for review by a
unique combination of dermatologists and rheumatologists
represented at the 2007 Annual Meeting of the Group for
ResearchandAssessmentofPsoriasisandPsoriaticArthritis
(GRAPPA).
One of the intriguing issues with MTX is the difference
in toxicities observed between patients with rheumatoid
arthritis(RA)comparedtopatientswithpsoriasisorPsA.A
recent cross-sectional study confirmed that pulmonary toxi-
citywasmorecommoninRApatientscomparedtopatients
withPsA,andthathepatotoxicitywasmorecommoninPsA
patients
4
. A metaanalysis of longterm MTX treatment stud-
iesinRAandpsoriaticdiseaseshoweda3-foldgreaterrisk
of hepatic fibrosis in patients with psoriatic disease
5
. The
reasons for such differences are unclear, but there may be
justification for different toxicity monitoring for patients
with psoriatic disease.
Priortothemeeting,GRAPPAmembers,aswellasother
rheumatologists and dermatologists from Australia, New
Despite a weak evidence base, methotrexate (MTX) is one
of the most common therapeutic agents for psoriatic arthri-
tis (PsA) and has been used in the treatment of severe pso-
riasissince1958
1
.Despitereadyavailabilityanddecadesof
use in clinical practice, much remains unknown about
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