Central European Journal of Chemistry
* E-mail: lukasz.komsta@am.lublin.pl
A preliminary study on the effect of mineralization
parameters on determination of metals in Viscum
album species
Received 15 June 2009; Accepted 26 September 2009
Abstract: An increasing interest in determination of various macro- and microelements in medicinal plants has been observed. The majority
of studies are carried out using one mineralization method without any optimization. The present study demonstrates that changes
in mineralization parameters can signifcantly affect the recovery of the elements determined. In the study, the dried plant
material was mineralized in 12 ways and iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni) and manganese (Mn) levels were determined.
The samples were mineralized in the dry or open microwave mode as well as 10 closed microwave modes. The infuence of acid amounts,
irradiation power and time, addition of hydrogen peroxide and perfuoric acid was examined. All parameters were shown to be critical
- good effciency was observed with larger amounts of acid. The determined content varied signifcantly in the same sample and were
in the ranges (ug g
-1
): 46 – 136 (Fe), 1.4 – 11.8 (Cu), 4.0 – 11.3 (Ni), 15.4 – 53.8 (Zn) and 9.5 – 67.6 (Mn). Increased irradiation
resulted in the loss of copper and zinc and better recovery of nickel. The results demonstrate that such determinations should include
the mineralization optimization step.
© Versita Sp. z o.o.
Keywords: Medicinal plants • Heavy metals • Mineralization parameters • Ion chromatography • Natural drugs
1
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin,
20-081 Lublin, Poland
2
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin,
20-090 Lublin, Poland
Eliza Blicharska
1
, Łukasz Komsta
2*
, Ryszard Kocjan
1
, Anna Gumieniczek
2
,
Artur Robak
1
Short Communication
1. Introduction
Medicinal plants are considered as plants which have
potential medicinal properties. They are grown or
collected from natural sources, then consumed in
various forms as medicines. In recent years, there is an
increasing interest in their use all over the world, as an
alternative to traditional therapy. Different parts of plants
are used as spices, herbs, food dressing and additives
or herbal teas. Although the effciency of herbal therapy
can be as high as that of chemical drugs, the safety of
their use has often been questioned due to the presence
of high unacceptable levels of heavy metals [1-5].
The environmental pollution and contamination with
toxic heavy metals has been considered a signifcant
problem. The main sources are industrial and traffc
emissions, use of purifcation mud and metal-containing
agricultural products [6], which increase heavy metal
concentrations in soil, resulting in elevated levels of
these metals in food and herbs. The heavy metal levels
in plants depend on the geochemical characteristics
of the soil and the ability of plants to accumulate them
selectively [7]. Moreover, the content of non-toxic
microelements is also important because their content
may have signifcant infuence on their therapeutic
action [8].
Therefore, the scientifc interest in the heavy metal
content in medicinal plants is topical. Numerous studies
concerning heavy metal levels in medicinal plants
were carried out in Algeria [9], Austria [10,11], Bulgaria
[12], China [13-17], Malaysia [18], Nigeria [19], Poland
[20-22], Serbia [23] and Turkey [24,25].
Cent. Eur. J. Chem. • 8(2) • 2010 • 264–268
DOI: 10.2478/s11532-009-0133-9
264