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ISSN 1063-7850, Technical Physics Letters, 2020, Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 220–223. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2020.
Russian Text © The Author(s), 2020, published in Pis’ma v Zhurnal Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki, 2020, Vol. 46, No. 5, pp. 19–22.
Photoresponse in Multilayer Graphene
during the Passage of a Surface Acoustic Wave
O. V. Kononenko
a
*, E. V. Emelin
a
, V. N. Matveev
a
, and D. V. Roshchupkin
a
a
Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High-Purity Materials, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Chernogolovka, Moscow oblast, 142432 Russia
*e-mail: oleg@iptm.ru
Received October 28, 2019; revised October 28, 2019; accepted November 28, 2019
Abstract—In this Letter, we studied the photoresponse in multilayer graphene on a lithium niobate (LiNbO
3
)
crystal under the conditions of an electric potential applied to graphene and transmission of a surface acoustic
wave. The acoustoelectric current in graphene when irradiated with light is shown to either increase or
decrease depending on the polarity of the potential applied to graphene. A surface acoustic wave causes the
appearance of a periodic charge lattice in graphene that enhances the interaction with incident light, which
leads to an increase in the photoresponse.
Keywords: graphene, surface acoustic wave, acoustoelectric current, photoresponse.
DOI: 10.1134/S1063785020030086
Acoustoelectronic devices are actively used as sen-
sors of physical quantities, the principle of operation
of which is based on a change in the resonant frequen-
cies of excitation of acoustic waves under specific
physical conditions (pressure, acceleration, tempera-
ture, humidity, etc.). Humidity sensors and gas sen-
sors based on graphene oxide and graphene, in which
surface acoustic waves (SAWs) were used, were
recently reported in [1, 2]. Lately, the interaction of
SAWs with charge carriers in graphene was of interest
to researchers. The interaction of electric charges and
SAWs leads to the appearance of an acoustoelectric
(AE) current in graphene [3–7]. It was also shown that
the acoustic wave can be controlled under the condi-
tions of an electric potential applied to the graphene
film [8], and the photoresponse in graphene and
graphene nanoribbons under the conditions of the AE
current flow was demonstrated [9, 10]. Here, we study
the photoresponse in a multilayer graphene film under
conditions of application to the film of an electric
potential of different polarity and of interaction with
the SAW.
Samples for studying the photoresponse were pre-
pared as follows. On the surface of the YZ-section of a
LiNbO
3
crystal, for the excitation and detection of
SAWs with a wavelength of 30 μm at a resonant fre-
quency of 114.7 MHz, aluminum interdigital trans-
ducers (IDTs) were fabricated by photolithography
and electron beam deposition. The IDTs consisted of
50 pairs of pins. Graphene films were synthesized by
chemical vapor deposition at low pressure with a single
injection of acetylene. Deposited on oxidized silicon
wafers by laser pulsed deposition, pure nickel films
with a thickness of 0.3 μm were used as a catalyst. After
the synthesis, a layer of polymethyl methacrylate
(PMMA) with a thickness of 0.8 μm, which later
served as a supporting film for graphene, was depos-
ited on the surface of nickel films with grown
graphene. Samples were immersed in a 1%-aqueous
solution of hydrochloric acid to dissolve the nickel
film. During etching, graphene, together with the sup-
porting PMMA film, was separated from the sub-
strate. After the nickel was completely dissolved,
graphene with PMMA was washed in deionized water
and transferred to the surface of LiNbO
3
crystals
between two IDTs. PMMA was removed from the
graphene surface by dissolution in acetone.
Raman spectroscopy was used to characterize
graphene films. The spectra were measured at from
eight to ten different points on the sample surface
using a SENTERRA Bruker Raman microscope with
a laser wavelength of 488 nm. The diameter of the laser
beam was about 1 μm. Figure 1 shows a typical Raman
spectrum obtained for a graphene film. Clear G and
2D peaks indicating the presence of graphene are visi-
ble in the spectrum. A weak D peak indicates a low
content of defects. The intensity ratio of the 2D and G
peaks equal to 0.75 and the half maximum width of the
2D peak equal to 65 cm
–1
indicate that the film con-
tains three or four graphene monolayers.
To study the electrical properties of graphene under
SAW propagation, two platinum electrodes on the sur-
face of the graphene film were formed by electron
beam lithography. The distance between the elec-