International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 – 8958, Volume-9 Issue-1S4, December 2019 732 Retrieval Number: A11331291S419/2019©BEIESP DOI:10.35940/ijeat.A1133.1291S419 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Abstract: we are using imaging modality to observe and acquire the information from the tissue. The backscattered intensity variation depends upon the composition, color and blood flow of the tissue. The optical parameters of the tissue are determined by using serial monitor in Arduino. Thus the tissues are treated of diameter 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3cm and placed at different depth. From this method, we can diagnose the abnormalities in the skin tissue/phantom. Photon depth distribution (anisotropy) and surface intensity differs which depends on various tissues. Thus scanned in horizontal position we have to find the depth. By peak intensity analysis, we have to determine the type, location and size of the tissue variation. Backscattering of laser from the tissue is measured by using optic probe. The backscattering parameter gives some information about the tissue because the light beam gets penetrate in some existence. Keywords : Backscattered intensity, Laser reflectance, Optical Phantom, Optical parameters, Tissue Characterization I. OBJECTIVE Image is defined as the visual perception of an object. Image is a two dimensional representation of an object. It consists of more number of pixels to form an image. Medical imaging is a technique to create a visual representation of parts / organs of the body. They help to diagnose and monitor the health condition. There are many different types of imaging modalities such as X-ray, CT scan, MRI and ultrasound techniques etc. X-ray exposure can cause increased risk of cancer. In CT scan we use higher doses of radiation when compared to X-Ray. The injection of a dye causes renal problem or allergy etc. MRI procedure is lengthy, noisy and if any slight movement occurs the procedure has to be repeated. The existing methods for tissue Revised Manuscript Received on December 16, 2019. * Correspondence Author C. Jim Elliot*, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research & Education, VirudhuNagar, India. Email: jimelliot.c@gmail.com S. Anitha, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Karunya Institute of Technology & Sciences, Coimbatore, India. Email: anithaanu43363@gmail.com A. Akhila, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research & Education, VirudhuNagar, India. Email: akhilaakash3@gmail.com R. Vijayakumar, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research & Education, VirudhuNagar, India. Email: vijayakumar20036 @gmail.com R. Pradeepa, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research & Education, VirudhuNagar, India. Email: rpradeepa@gmail.com characterization such as histology, microbiology and biopsy have their methodological limitations. Histopathology is an invasive technique which helps to study the structure and function of cells, tissues etc. Biopsy is also an invasive technique in which the sample of tissue is taken from the body in order to examine the abnormal tissues or tumors using microscopy. It is a painful process. The earlier methods of tissue characterization have several disadvantages such as time consumption, low accuracy, invasiveness etc. To overcome this we use laser methodology for imaging technique. It is non-ionizing radiation method. This methodology provides solution to the problem using currently available laser diagnosis for tissue characterization. It provides valuable information about abnormal tissues present in our body. The objective of our work is to determine the optical parameters and used it for reconstruction of surface reflectance and photon depth distribution image. The abnormalities of tissue are determined by varying sizes inside the normal tissue. The optical properties are transmission, reflection, scattering, absorption and anisotropy. Transmission states that when the light rays hit the medium and it gets transmitted into other medium. The light rays strike the medium it gets reflected from the medium that is known as reflection. During collision, the direction of particle motion gets changed, that is called scattering. Scattering means the beam of light which hit the subject and it gets scattered in all direction. Anisotropy means dissimilar, when we measure the material at different axes of physical or mechanical properties (conductivity, refractive index, absorbance, etc...). It is directionally dependent. Example: The light passing through a polarizer. Fig. 1. Optical Properties Biological Tissue Characterization using Optical Backscattering Technique to detect the Presence of Abnormalities C. Jim Elliot, S. Anitha, R. Vijayakumar, A. Akhila, R. Pradeepa