a SciTechnol journal Case Report
Turkoglu et al, J Neurosci Clin Res 2018, 3:1
Journal of
Neuroscience &
Clinical Research
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Neuroboriellosis and Associated
Myoclonus in a Patient with
Kartegener’s Syndrome
Sule Aydin Turkoglu
1
*, Fatma Sirmatel
2
, Hayriye Orallar
3
,
Siddika Halicioglu
4
, Serpil Yildiz
1
, Erol Ayaz
5
and Nebil Yildiz
1
Abstract
Kartegener’s Syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease
with primary ciliary dyskinesia. It has a triad of bronchiectasis,
dextrocardia or situs inversus and chronic sinusitis. Lyme disease
is a multisystem illness. It is referred to as neuroboriellosis if
neuropsychiatric involvement is predominant. Myoclonus is a rapid
and short hyperkinetic motion disorder. Its secondary etiology is
located in the subset of post infectious disease. In this case report
we are presenting a female patient of 38 year old known to have
Kartegener’s Syndrome who had myoclonic contractions. In the
etiological work up, no other fnding other than acute infection with
Borrelia burgdorferi was found. Lyme disease is a rare etiological
factor in involuntary movements, which directed us to prepare this
case report.
Keywords: Myoclonus; Lyme disease; Neuroboriellosis;
Kartegener’s syndrome
*Corresponding author: Sule Aydin Turkoglu, MD, Department of Neurology,
Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital, 14280, Bolu, Turkey, Tel: +903742534618;
Fax: +903742534615; E-mail: suleaydinturkoglu@hotmail.com
Received: November 14, 2016 Accepted: January 02, 2018 Published:
January 08, 2018
In this case report we are presenting a 38 year of female
patient known to have Kartegener’s Syndrome who had myoclonic
contractions. In the etiological work up no other fnding than acute
infection with Borrelia burgdorferi was found. Lyme disease is a rare
etiological factor in involuntary movements, which directed us to
prepare this case report.
Case Report
A 38-year-old woman living in the village working as a farmer,
admitted to the outpatient neurology clinic with myoclonic
contractions which increased gradually for the last 4 years. She has
been followed for Kartegener’s Syndrome (bronchiectasis, situs
inversus and chronic sinusitis) for 20 years. Her solid organs located
in the abdomen and thorax on the opposite location (Figure 1). She
has been followed for Bronchiectasis and pansinusitis by the Clinics of
Pulmonary Medicine and ENT. She had immotile cilia and anosmia
and she had been treated for Pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas
Aeruginosa. In the ultrasound imaging of the abdomen, it was seen
that the solid abdominal organs were located on the opposite side.
Te patient has been experiencing numbness on the right foot
which was relieved by motion, right knee pain and difculty in
standing up for approximately 5 years. She also had stabbing type
back pain and pain that was aggravated by deep inspiration. Te
patient experienced fasciculations in her body, legs and sometimes
in her face which was sometimes accompanied by a brief jerk. Tese
involuntary movements happened while she was asleep. She was
admitted to a neurology outpatient clinic but no pathological fnding
was discovered in the EEG. She was prescribed valproic acid for
involuntary movements. Te patient experienced partial relief. Acute
pansinusitis and otitis were the only pathological fndings in the
cranial CT and MRI (Figure 2). Her treatment was modifed with the
addition of levetirasetam and the cessation of valproate.
Te patient experienced partial relief with the new treatment as
well and for the last year she had 20 daily involuntary movements
all through her body. She has been experiencing knee pain and
occasionally fever.
Abbreviations
SEP: Somatosensory Evoked Potential; MRI: Magnetic
Resonance Imaging; EEG: Electroencephalography; CT: Computed
Tomography; MS: Multiple Sclerosis; ENT: Ear-Nose-Troat; HRCT:
High Resolution Computed Tomography
Introduction
Kartegener’s Syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease
with primary ciliary dyskinesia. It has a triad with bronchiectasis,
dextrocardia or situs inversus and chronic sinusitis [1]. Lyme
Disease (LD) is an infectious disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi.
Tis infectious agent is a spirochete transmitted by tick bites [2].
Being a multisystem disease, LD manifests itself with dermatologic,
skeleton-muscular and neuropsychiatric symptoms [3]. Atypical
fndings can be absent in neuroboriellosis. Tese are, acute idiopathic
polyneuritis, urinary retention, hyponatremia, sensory defcits, visual
hallucinations and constipation [4].
Myoclonus is a rapid and short hyperkinetic motion disorder.
It is divided into three groups according to etiology; physiological,
essential and epileptic. Secondary myoclonus may result from cortical
or subcortical disease. Among the secondary reasons, postinfectious
encephalitis belongs to the subset of cortical reasons [5].
Figure 1: Chest x-ray (a), extensive varicose bronchiectasis in two lungs
can be seen in HRCT sections (b and c). In Chest x-ray dextrocardia and
stomach bubble located at the right side (situs inversus totalis) can be
seen as well.