1777 More than Antiquity: How Archaeologists See Raphael Greenberg Abstract I attempt to characterize the shared foundations of archaeology, in light of the signifcant fragmentation of the discipline, the expansion of its chronological reach from deep antiquity to the present and of its scale and resolution from micro to macro, and the urgent call for its decolonization. I briefy explore the intersec- tions of archaeological practice with the archaeosphere, temporality, memory, and archive, and locate the infection point of personal values in the interface between archaeological epistemology—how archaeologists see and interpret the world—and praxis—how they go about creating the archaeological record. Keywords Archaeological epistemology · Archaeosphere · Temporality · Archive · Memory · Forgetting 1 Introduction If we follow the standard histories of Levantine archaeology, the generation of archaeologists who came of age in the late 1970s—a generation to which both the author and this volume’s honoree belong—has seen the feld transformed by several “paradigm shifts,” moving from a focus on biblical culture history, to one on feld method and data accumulation, to more explicit concerns with social evolution, and then to a close alliance with sciences and big data. The chapters of P.R.S. Moorey’s A Century of Biblical Archaeology (Moorey, 1992) take us from “New Nations, New Methods” (after WWII), to “The Passing of the Old Order” (in the early 1980s), and fnally to “The Growing Impact of Natural and Social Sciences” (early 1990s). Apprehend, discern, grasp, understand, realize, know, form an opinion. R. Greenberg (*) Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel e-mail: graf@tauex.tau.ac.il © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023 E. Ben-Yosef, I. W. N. Jones (eds.), “And in Length of Days Understanding” (Job 12:12): Essays on Archaeology in the Eastern Mediterranean and Beyond in Honor of Thomas E. Levy, Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27330-8_75