Int J Adolesc Med Health 2003; 15(4):331 -340. ©Freund Publishing House Ltd.
Teenage pregnancy experiences in rural Kenya
Negussie Taffa, MD, PhD
1
, David Omollo, MD, MPH
1
and Zoe Matthews, PhD
2
1
African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), Shelter Afrique
Center, Nairobi, Kenya;
2
Department of Social Statistics, University of
Southampton, United Kingdom
Abstract: This community-based survey describes the socio-economic determinants of teenage
pregnancy, experiences of health problems during pregnancy, and health care utilization patterns
among adolescents (12-19 years old) in rural Kenya. Characteristics of adolescents with repeated
pregnancy experiences were compared with first-time pregnancies. The survey covered 3,132
households from 32 randomly selected communities and 1,247 adolescents were interviewed Data
were collected retrospectively through quantitative and qualitative methods. Results showed that 572
(45.9%) adolescents had had sexual intercourse in the past, and of these, 245 (42.8%) had been
pregnant at least once. A significant majority of adolescents who had been pregnant were not
attending school during the survey period. Fifty-six percent of the first pregnancies occurred while the
girl was single. Compared with repeat pregnancies, first pregnancies were more likely to be reported
as unwanted (OR=2.4; 95% CI= 1.1, 5.3). Antenatal care attendance, place of delivery and pregnancy
outcomes were not significantly different for first-time and repeat pregnancies. Adolescents' reports
on health problems during pregnancy, labour and in the post-partum period were not associated with
parity or with age (<16 years old). A lower proportion of younger Primigravidae sought medical
attention for health problems that arose during pregnancy (OR=2.3; 95% CI= 1.1, 4.8) and labor
(OR=3.6; 95% CI= 1.5, 8.7). In conclusion, the study highlighted major unmet reproductive health
needs of adolescents in this region. Age and gravida influenced health care seeking which could
increase the chances of serious life threatening complications among young Primigravidae.
Keywords: adolescents, pregnancy, health care seeking, Kenya
Correspondence: Negussie Taffa, MD. PhD African Population and Health Research Center
(APHRC), Shelter Afrique Center, P. O. Box 10787. 00100 GPO, Nairobi, Kenya. Tel: +254
20720400; Fax: +254 20720380; E-mail: ntafTa@aphrc.org
Submitted: June 10, 2003. Revised: July 02, 2003. Accepted: July 04, 2003.
INTRODUCTION
While a significant decline is being seen in
other regions of the world (1-3), the
prevalence of teenage pregnancy in sub-
Saharan Africa still remains high (4,5). The
urge to scale-up existing successful
reproductive health programs is now
becoming critical in a number of settings,
especially where the number of adolescents
in need of services is still growing. The
current 'euphoria' associated with the
effectiveness of HIV prevention in some
countries (6) has fuelled the impetus for
improved and more attuned reproductive
health services in sub-Saharan Africa.
Preventing unwanted pregnancies
among adolescents is not an end in itself.
Society and the health care system should
enhance their efforts to provide basic
support and services to those who are
pregnant - whether married or unmarried.
Current knowledge of the social and health
problems of adolescent pregnancies comes
mostly from clinic-based data on
complicated pregnancy outcomes from
adolescents who managed to seek
professional assistance (7-10). Less is
known about how representative these cases
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