EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT POSTACTIVATION
POTENTIATION PROTOCOLS WITH AND WITHOUT
WHOLE BODY VIBRATION ON JUMPING PERFORMANCE
IN COLLEGE ATHLETES
FERNANDO NACLERIO,
1
AVERY D. FAIGENBAUM,
2
ENEKO LARUMBE-ZABALA,
3
NICHOLAS A. RATAMESS,
2
JIE KANG,
2
PAUL FRIEDMAN,
2
AND RYAN E. ROSS
2
1
Centre of Sports Sciences and Human Performance, School of Sciences, Greenwich University, United Kingdom;
2
Human
Performance Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey; and
3
Department of Motor and Training, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
ABSTRACT
Naclerio, F, Faigenbaum, AD, Larumbe-Zabala, E, Ratamess, NA,
Kang, J, Friedman, P, and Ross, RE. Effectiveness of different
postactivation potentiation protocols with and without whole body
vibration on jumping performance in college athletes. J Strength
Cond Res 28(1): 232–239, 2014—This study examined the acute
effects of different parallel squat postactivation potentiation proto-
cols with and without whole body vibration on jumping perfor-
mance in college athletes. Fifteen men (20.3 6 1.3 years,
179.50 6 5.3 cm, 81.0 6 10.8 kg) performed 3 repetitions of
a countermovement jump (CMJ) and best drop jump after 3 con-
ditions: (a) parallel squat with 80% 1 repetition maximum without
vibration (NV-PS), (b) parallel squat with 80% 1 repetition maxi-
mum on a whole body vibration platform (WBV-PS) (1.963-mm
amplitude and 40 Hz), and (c) control (C). Each condition was
performed under both low-volume (LV) (1 set of 3 repetitions) and
high-volume (HV) (3 sets of 3 repetitions) protocols that
were followed by both 1- and 4-minute rest periods. Significant
improvements were observed for the CMJ height (p = 0.005) after
4 minutes of recovery and the LV protocol (p = 0.015) regardless
of the condition. Additionally, for the WBV-PS condition, a signifi-
cantly lower drop jump height was observed after 1 minute (p =
0.0022) after both low (p = 0.022) and HV (0.010) protocols. In
conclusion, 4 minutes of recovery was adequate for improving
CMJ height after an LV protocol regardless of the condition and
restoring drop jump height performance after WBV-PS regardless
of the protocol in male college athletes.
KEY WORDS complex training, countermovement jump, drop
jump, acute PAP enhancement
INTRODUCTION
P
ostactivation potentiation (PAP) is a phenomenon
by which a previous voluntary maximal or near
maximal muscular action acts to induce an acute
improvement of the following exercise (typically
explosive or sprinting activities) (18). Despite the appeal of
the potential PAP effect for athletes, researchers have found
contradictory findings. For example, heavy back squats have
been reported to improve subsequent vertical jump perfor-
mance (25), whereas other studies have reported no benefits
(8). The inconsistencies in these findings may arise from
a number of sources influencing the balance between fatigue
and potentiation (30). This balance is affected by numerous
factors including, but not limited to, training experience (9),
rest period length (20), type and mode of exercise, training
intensity, and the volume of the conditioning activity (29).
Shorter rest periods (,1 minute) have been shown to be
effective to elicit potentiation after low-volume (LV) proto-
cols (e.g., 3 maximal voluntary contractions) (30), whereas
longer intervals (.3 minutes) would be required to enhance
performance after a multiple set of potentiating exercise (31).
Some studies using whole body vibration (WBV) platforms
(e.g., maintain an isometric half squat position for 30 seconds
at frequencies of 30–40 Hz and 2- to 8-mm amplitude) found
acute positive effects on jumping performance immediately
(12) or 1 minute after the stimulating exercise (4).
Regarding the type of exercise used to elicit PAP effects,
recent studies have analyzed the effectiveness of WBV to
acutely enhance subsequent explosive strength performance.
Although some studies found no acute effects of WBV on
maximal isometric force (15), jump, sprint, or agility perfor-
mance (10), positive results on vertical jump performance
have been observed when combining frequencies between
30 and 50 Hz with 2- to 4-mm and 4- to 6-mm amplitude (1)
and by using 30 Hz with 6.5 mm (14) or 2.5 mm (12) of
vertical amplitude. Combining resistance training and WBV
methods would induce a more pronounced neuromuscular
Address correspondence to Fernando Naclerio, e-mail: f.j.naclerio@gre.ac.uk.
28(1)/232–239
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
Ó 2013 National Strength and Conditioning Association
232 Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
the TM
Copyright © National Strength and Conditioning Association Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.