American Journal of Molecular Biology, 2023, 13, 183-196 https://www.scirp.org/journal/ajmb ISSN Online: 2161-6663 ISSN Print: 2161-6620 DOI: 10.4236/ajmb.2023.133013 Jul. 25, 2023 183 American Journal of Molecular Biology Ampelographic and Genetic Diversity Assessment of Some Local Grape Genotypes under Egyptian Conditions Rania Ahmed Mahmoud 1* , Abeer Aly Dahab 2 , Gehan Ahmed Mahmoud 3 , Mohamed Abd El-Aziz Abd El-Wahab 4 , Emad Hamed El-Bassel 5 , Ehab Mawad Badr Mahdy 6 1 Deciduous Fruits Research Department, Biotechnology Central Laboratory, Horticulture Research Institute (HRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt 2 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, Biotechnology Central Laboratory, Horticulture Research Institute (HRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt 3 Fruit Crops Handling Research Department, Chemical Analysis Central Laboratory, Horticulture Research Institute (HRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt 4 Viticulture Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute (HRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt 5 Fruit Breeding Department, Horticulture Research Institute (HRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt 6 National Gene Bank (NGB), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt Abstract Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is assumed as one of the most valuable and popular fruit crops all over the world. In this study, ten of local grape germplasm were characterized considering phenotypic diversity and genetic features under Egyptian conditions. Selected local grapes; Baltim Eswid, Edkawy, Matrouh Eswid, Bez El-Naka, Bez El-Anza, Romy Abiad, Romy Ahmer, Gha- ribi, Fayoumi and Banaty, were spread geographically among seven national governorates. A total of 58 attributes were characterized grape germplasm for the distinctness of vine parts. For molecular characterization, 9 nuclear SSR loci were analysed. Data revealed a broad sense of similarity at the level of studied morphological attributes, where the highest similarity (0.93) was be- tween Romy Ahmer and Romy Abiad. A total of 24 alleles, ranging from 124 - 253 bp in size, were detected at the nine tested loci with an average of 2.67 alleles per locus. The amplification products in all of the 9 SSRs loci showed polymor- phism among the 10 grapevine cultivars. The genetic relatedness among most of the cultivars was in accordance with their identification based on ampelo- graphic properties. Data of phenotypic and molecular analysis revealed high variability of Vitis germplasm in Egypt and contributed substantially to our awareness of valuable local grape genetic resources which are on the verge of extinction. How to cite this paper: Mahmoud, R.A., Dahab, A.A., Mahmoud, G.A., El-Aziz Abd El-Wahab, M.A., El-Bassel, E.H. and Mah- dy, E.M.B. (2023) Ampelographic and Ge- netic Diversity Assessment of Some Local Grape Genotypes under Egyptian Condi- tions. American Journal of Molecular Biol- ogy, 13, 183-196. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajmb.2023.133013 Received: May 13, 2023 Accepted: July 22, 2023 Published: July 25, 2023 Copyright © 2023 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access