Pakistan Journal of Science (Vol. 74 No. 3 September, 2022) 195 CHANGING LANDSCAPE PATTERNS AND ITS EFFECT ON RISING LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE OF LAHORE-PAKISTAN K. Shakrullah 1* and S. A. Shirazi 2 1 Department of Geography, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan 2 Department of Geography, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan *Corresponding Author E- mail: khadijashakrullah@fccollege.edu.pk ABSTRACT: The study intaimsto evaluate the impact of landscape (Land use land cover) changes on Land surface temperature (LST) by using GIS and Remote sensing (RS) techniques in Lahore during 2017–2021.Supervised Maximum Likelihood classification method was used to classify the land use and land cover classes. For retrieval of Land surface temperature, the Landsat 8 (Band 10) product level 2 was used. Barren land and built- up area were identified as the most leading LULC classes respectively in the study area at the cost of vegetation cover and water bodies. The barren land class increased from 55.9% to 63.81% ,while the Built-up class also increases from 13.5% to 18.46% during 2017-2021.Whereas , vegetation and water bodies both are exhibiting the decline. The decline in vegetation class was reported from 29.58% to 17.6% over the time 2017 to 2021.Overall, 0.3 % decrease is observed in water bodies. In 2017 the 3◦C decline is observed in land surface temperature (LST) value than 2021.Built-up and Vegetation classes can contribute a significant role in variation of LST in comparison to the water bodies. These results will be very helpful to understand the LULC changes and eventually it will assist the land management authorities, policy maker and town planners as well. Key Words: vegetation, Build-up Landsat, Supervised classification. (Received 16.02.2022 Accepted 16.07.2022) INTRODUCTION Land is considered as an inevitable source for better human living (Scanlon et al., 2002; Zahoor et al., 2019).Land use land cover(LULC) changes (thereafter referred to as landscape changes) in response to anthropogenic activities over time outcome of numerous multi scale (i.e., micro to macro and regional to global) ecological consequences/results /impacts such as changes in surface energy balance and land surface temperature(LST) (Dutta et al 2019; Das et al 2020;Waleed and Sajjad ,2022).The context of these two terms; Land use and Land cover are entirely different but normally used together. Land use denotes the utilization of the land for different/diverse socio-economic connotation e.g., cultivation, farming. infrastructure and in many diverse forms (Gregorio, 2016; Naz and Rasheed, 2017;Alawamy et al .,2020).Whereas land cover means /refers to the bio- physical state of earth like, mountains ,woodlands and wetlands etc (Cihlar and Jansen, 2001); Hassan et al., 2016; Yonaba et al ,2022;Romaguera et al., 2018).Human induced activities are considered the drivers of LULC modification on earth surface. In present decade, the studies related to Land-use modifications have gained more attention due to increase in environmental problems resultant from human induces activities e.g., urban sprawl, desertification, and transportation (Lin et al 2015; Song et al., 2018; Hussain et al., 2022) Moreover, due to accessibility and free of cost acquisition of Landsat imageries/data sets/products , make it more convenient to assess and evaluate the land use changing patterns and trends more effectively with regular time intervals. The studies related to Land change are also significant because it adhere/discourse/discuss the problems associated to/linked with Earth’s energy balance and bio-chemical and physical processes, which directly affect the micro to meso scale urban climate and ecological processes(Dewan et al., 2021a; Yohannes et al., 2021). Adnan et al., 2020 stated that land-use modification considered a key element to describe the frequency and rate of degradation of various ecological processes. Generally ,the effect of land cover changes are mainly perceived as an environmental phenomenon such as urban heat island (UHI), land surface temperature, loss of biodiversity, degradation, and flash flood. It is observed and documented that land-use modification effect the micro climatic conditions of land surface due to ever-changing land-use patterns ,such as ,replacement from natural to impervious surfaces and consequently the underlying surface temperature will show the rising trend as impervious/dark surfaces absorb more heat (Gogoi et al., 2019;Khan et al., 2020). Therefore, cities are more vulnerable to the harsh climate