—25— With an aim to establish the correct taxonomic status of some commonly used Thai materia medica, e.g., Wan Ron Thong, Wan Phaya Hong Thong, Wan Phaya Hong Ngen, Wan Krachai Thong, for future research in drug development, we have extended our study into the tribe Globbeae Petersen (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand. This tribe consists of three genera: Hemiorchis Kurz, Gagnepainia K. Schum. and Globba L. The genus Hemiorchis Kurz in Thailand was revised (Picheansoonthon et al. 2009) and the revision of the genus Gagnepainia K. Schum. is scheduled to be published. The genus Globba L. is one of the largest genera of the family Zingiberaceae. Forty-one species were preliminarily listed for Thailand (Larsen and Larsen 2006). It was recently classifed into three subgenera: Mantisia (Sims) K. J. Williams, Ceratanthera (Horan.) K. J. Williams and Globba based on phylogenetic studies (Williams et al. 2004). A species producing the flowering shoots before the leafy shoots, Globba praecox Chokthaweep. & al., was recently added (Chokthaweepanich et al. 2005). This taxon was placed in the subgenus Mantisia (Sims) K. J. Williams, sect. Haplanthera (Horan.) Petersen (characterized by the anthers without any appendages). In this paper, the second species, Globba ranongensis Picheans. & Tiyawora., with the same features (flowering shoots appear before the leafy shoots), but of subgenus Globba, section Nudae K. Larsen, subsect. Mediocalcaratae (K. Schum.) K. J. Williams (characterized by the two anther appendages), is recognized with full description and illustration. Taxonomic treatment Globba ranongensis Picheans. & Tiyawora., sp. nov. [Figs. 1, 2] Type: Thailand: Changwat Ranong, Amphoe Kra Buri, Ban Lum Liang, 10º19' 29.59"N 098º45' 52.18"E, alt. 51 m, 30 May 2008, Picheansoonthon 1032 (BKF–holotype; BK, SING– isotypes). Globbae pendulae similis, foliis anguste A New Species of Globba (Zingiberaceae) from Southern Thailand Chayan Picheansoonthon a, b and Suppachai tiyaworanant b a The Academy of Science, The Royal Institute of Thailand, Sanam Suea Pa, Sri-ayuthaya Rd., Khet Dusit, Bangkok, 10300 THAILAND; E-mail: chayan@kku.ac.th b Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Amphoe Mueang Khon Kaen, Changwat Khon Kaen, 40002 THAILAND (Received on August 17, 2009) A new species, Globba ranongensis (Zingiberaceae), is described from peninsular Thailand and illustrated. Relationship with other closely related taxa is discussed. Key words: Globba ranongensis, new species, southern Thailand, Zingiberaceae. J. Jpn. Bot. 85: 25–29 (2010)