American Journal of Nursing Research, 2023, Vol. 11, No. 1, 21-45 Available online at http://pubs.sciepub.com/ajnr/11/1/3 Published by Science and Education Publishing DOI:10.12691/ajnr-11-1-3 Evidence-based Practice among Clinical Nurses in Bahrain: Basis for a Policy Brief John Michael Madamba Ferrer 1,* , Joman Baliton 2 1 Graduate School, Saint Mary’s University, Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya 2 Professor, Graduate School, Saint Mary’s University, Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya *Corresponding author: Received November 28, 2022; Revised January 07, 2023; Accepted January 16, 2023 Abstract The study aimed to determine clinical nurses' beliefs, knowledge, organizational readiness, and evidence-based practice implementation levels and identify the perceived factors affecting evidence-based practice implementation. A descriptive-correlational in quantitative approach with triangulation was used. Data were gathered through the administration of adapted survey questionnaires along with structured interviews and personal observation to supplement the data. Forty-two voluntarily participated and completed the survey. Frequency, percent, mean, and standard deviation were used to analyze and interpret the participants' demographic profile and evidence- based practice-related variables. Regression analysis was used to identify the predictors from the list of variables. For facilitating and hindering factors in the evidence-based practice implementation of clinical nurses, an open- ended question was asked to triangulate the quantitative data. Most of the nurses are female in their middle adulthood, have completed a bachelor’s degree in nursing, and have worked in the hospital as a senior staff nurse for considerable time. The result shows that nurses somewhat truly believe in evidence-based practice, have acceptable evidence-based practice knowledge, probably consider the culture and organizational readiness, and are interested in implementing specific evidence-based practice tasks. Also, it was found that only knowledge of evidence-based practice is a highly significant predictor of evidence-based practice implementation. Perceived facilitating factors include supportive policies, training opportunities, management, and peer support. At the same time, lack of knowledge and insufficient time were recorded as barriers to implementing evidence-based practice. The salient findings were used in crafting the policy brief. Keywords: EBP belief, EBP knowledge, EBP organizational readiness, EBP implementation Cite This Article: John Michael Madamba Ferrer, and Joman Baliton, “Evidence-based Practice among Clinical Nurses in Bahrain: Basis for a Policy Brief.” American Journal of Nursing Research, vol. 11, no. 1 (2023): 21-45. doi: 10.12691/ajnr-11-1-3. 1. Introduction 1.1. Rationale In recent decades, evidence-based practice in nursing has become essential to providing exceptional patient care outcomes. Nurses use evidence-based interventions to provide the best possible care to improve the process and structure of health care and, to a limited extent, improve the patients' outcomes [1]. These interventions are evidences gathered through critically appraised studies, which in turn help them identify possible care strategies for their patients. In evidence-based practice (EBP), nurses combine the best available evidence with their clinical knowledge and expertise as healthcare professionals and consider patients' specific expectations and preferences to arrive at appropriate medical decisions. When used consistently, this practice results in patients more likely to obtain the best possible outcomes [2]. Evidence-based practice encourages nurses to think critically, analyze complex situations, and make decisions. Clinical nurses should always emphasize EBP to meet the challenges of defining the direction of health care, promoting optimal outcomes, and ensuring patient safety. However, in their analysis of 8409 participants in low and middle-income countries, they found that the nurses' commitment to EBP is limited because of perceived limitations in their scope of practice, time, and knowledge of EBP and their individual-related barriers [3]. Also, novice clinical nurses rely on precise instructions and lack power, authority, and professional judgment in nursing decision-making [4,5]. Nevertheless, this decision-making can progress from personal opinion to relying on reliable scientific data using evidence-based practices. In fact, decision-making based on EBP leads to substantial improvements in patient safety which in turn improve clinical and organizational quality and safety [6,7]. Furthermore, evidence-based practice may help clinical nurses achieve professionalism in their field by empowering them in their professional growth, particularly in problem-solving and decision-making [8].