GEOGRAFIA Online
TM
Malaysian Journal of Society and Space 17 issue 3 (194-205)
© 2021, e-ISSN 2682-7727 https://doi.org/10.17576/geo-2021-1703-14 194
Effects of informal economy towards employment: A systematic review
Nor Amaleena Mazlan
1
, Rosilawati Zainol
2
, Yong Adilah Shamsul Harumain
3
1
Faculty of Built Environment, University of Malaya
2
Centre for Civilizational Dialogue, University of Malaya
3
Centre of Transportation Research, University of Malaya
Correspondence: Rosilawati Zainol (rosilawatizai@um.edu.my)
Received: 06 November 2020; Accepted: 22 May 2021; Published: 27 August 2021
Abstract
Throughout the years, the ultimate goals of sustainable development are progressing towards
reducing poverty and social disparities. In realizing the economic advancement in sustainable
development, this paper explores the informal economy's role in creating job opportunities.
Few pieces of literature were examined to establish several themes. The existing literature on
the informal economy's employment effects was analyzed by employing preferred reporting
items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) review method. Using Scopus and
Web of Science as literature search databases, 27 publications have been identified and
extracted. These publications were selected based on several criteria, including a timeline,
language, publication type and publication stage. Throughout the process, four themes are
identified, namely management and regulation, market competitiveness, people's welfare and
productivity: with 13 sub-themes, namely regulation for workers, delicensing, local
competition, product market, social stability, shelter, economic rights, marginalization, growth,
income, tax burden unemployment and investment. These themes are selected through content
analysis based on the regularity of these keywords appeared. Few recommendations
highlighted the method of studies. Researchers are to conduct more qualitative studies and a
standard systematic review technique in guiding data synthesizing. Finally, researchers are to
adopt more searching strategies. This paper could contribute to the body of knowledge; in
which the PRISMA method is essential for summarizing evidence on the effects of employment
in a more accurate manner.
Keywords: Employment, Informal Economy, Poverty, PRISMA Method, Sustainable
Development, Systematic Review
Introduction
An ideal concept of economically sustainable development suggests appropriate planning and
coordination of development costs and benefits with conservation of social, environmental,
cultural and waste reduction. However, an economic downturn faced by both developing and
developed countries has stimulated peoples' interest in the informality scene of the economy;
despite it being operated outside of the law. Early literature suggests that the community's