1 J Blood Disord Transfus, Vol.9 Iss.7 No:475 OPEN ACCESS Freely available online Journal of Blood Disorders & Transfusion Research Article Correspondence to: Dr Abozer Y Elderdery, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia, Tel: 966 502447208; E-mail: Abozer904@ hotmail.com Received: September 07, 2021, Accepted: September 21, 2021, Published: September 28, 2021 Citation: Elkhalifa AM, Abbas AM, Shalabi MG, Yassin N, Ahmed DZ, Ahmed HAM, et al. (2021) Red blood cell alloimmunization among multiple blood transfusions Sudanese patients. Blood Disord Transfus. 12:475. Copyright: © 2021 Elkhalifa AM, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. ABSTRACT Objectives: This study aims to detect the alloantibody among patients treated by repeated blood transfusion for at least three or more times. Materials and methods: Across-sectional descriptive study design applied at Eldweem and Kosti teaching hospitals, Sudan. One hundred have blood transfusion three times or more and their age between 1-70 years old recruited in this study. Three ml of venous blood samples were collected in Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) anticoagulant containers from each participant. For all participants, slide method for ABO blood group and Rh factor were used. Indirect Coombs test apply to detect alloantibodies by Polly Specific antihuman globulin reagents using tube method techniques. Results: Results indicated that out of 142 multiple transfused patients; there were 82 (57.7%) males and 60 (42.3%) females, and a total of 31 samples showing detection of RBC alloantibodies, out of 82 males, 22 (26.83%) showed presence of alloantibodies and out of 60 females, 9 (15%) showed presence of alloantibodies. The participant’s mean age is 38.58 ± 20.85 years old. Patients with sickle cell anaemia represented the highest rate of detected alloantibodies (80.6%) followed by patients with renal failure and other anaemia, both with a detection rate of 9.7%. The highest occurrence of alloantibodies (5/13 (38.5%)) saw among patients who had blood transfusions more than 8 times followed by 6-8 times (11/47 (23%)), and by those having blood transfusion 3-5 times (15/82 (18%)). Conclusion: This study has shown that frequently transfused patients are at risk of alloimmunisation, which is highly recommended to be considered when reviewing repeatedly transfused patients. Keywords: Alloimmunisation; Multiple blood transfusion; Sudan Red Blood Cell Alloimmunization among Multiple Blood Transfusions Sudanese Patients Ahmed M. Elkhalifa 1,2 , Anass M. Abbas 3 , Manar G. Shalabi 3 , Nada Yassin 2 , Dania Z. Ahmed 4 , Hadia A.M. Ahmed 2 , Mohammed Abd Allah 2 , Shaima E. Meirghani 2 , Abdulaziz H. Alhamidi 5 , Abozer Y. Elderdery 1,3* 1 Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2 Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Sudan; 3 College of Applied Medical Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia; 4 Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Health Education, Hampshire, UK; 5 Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia INTRODUCTION The blood transfusion is a vital procedure ensuring sufficient safe and quality blood supply, especially in malignancies, chronic diseases, and hematological disorders patients who require regular blood transfusion [1]. The blood transfusion safety measurement is a core objective of transfusion medicine [2]. Alloimmunization, developed against transfused foreign RBC antigens, is a serious unfortunate and occasionally life-threatening complication among repeated blood transfusion patients, which may occur in immunocompetent blood transfusion-dependent recipients causing blood delayed transfusion reactions [3-5]. The etiology of alloimmunization might be due to multiple origins, primarily with many contributing factors including antigenic variations of RBC immune status, the diversity genetic of antigens between recipients and blood donors ‘which considered as a challenging occurrence that, may increase risk of delayed hemolytic blood transfusion reactions, and complicates of the cross-matching [6-8]. The risk of alloantibodies development depends on frequency and number of blood transfusions, the ethnicity of patient, antigen immunogenicity, difference in the recipient and donor antigenic pattern, and recipient’s immune response [4,9-11]. Repeated blood transfusions can cause adverse complications including, transfusion reactions and development alloantibodies red cell antigens, which caused an important