VOL. 8, NO. 5, MAY 2013 ISSN 1990-6145
ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science
© 2006-2013 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.
www.arpnjournals.com
364
PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF THE PREPARED DISHES
OF DISTRICT MARDAN AND PESHAWAR
Niamat Ullah
1
, Iftikhar Alam
2
, Aurang Zeb
3
, Najma Iqbal
1
and Alam Khan
1
1
The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
2
Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Pakistan
3
Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture, Nowshera,Pakistan
E-Mail: niamatullah@aup.edu.pk
ABSTRACT
Chemical composition of the dishes prepared in the farmers’ homes of Peshawar and Mardan districts were
determined. Three villages in district Peshawar and three villages in district Mardan were selected on the basis that farmers
community were living there and these villages were far away from each others covering ethnic and geographical variation.
Hundred farmers’ were selected from each village for a larger nutritional study. Information about ingredient formulation
and cooking procedure of the dishes was obtained by filling a questioner from 20% of the selected farmers. The dishes
were collected from these farmers and analyzed for proximate. The results of the study show the range of various nutrient
contents which were; moisture 32.52% (wheat bread bazari) to 96.0% (soup); ash 3.0% (rice) to 11.3% (cabbage ground
beef); protein 6.1% (bringil) to 44.3% (soup); fat 0.99% (wheat bread (home)) to 67.9% (spinach (palak) egg); fiber 1.5%
(wheat bread (bazaar) to 26.8% (mash bean mint (chakni); Nitrogen Free Extract 0.87% (lady-finger meat) to 75.7%
(wheat bread (home); The energy content (kcal/100g) ranged from 384 (wheat bread (home) to 708 (spinach (palak) egg).
In conclusion, the dishes of rural areas of these two districts were found quite variable in ingredients and nutrients.
Keywords: Composition of prepared dishes, ingredients, nutrients, Peshawar, Mardan.
INTRODUCTION
Knowledge of food intake and its chemical
composition is the first essential in the dietary treatment of
diseases (McCance and Widdowson, 1940) and make the
basis for any nutritional intervention. This often quoted
remark indicates the original motivation behind food
composition studies that are normally carried out to
identify and determine the chemical nature of the food
components affecting health and the mechanisms whereby
chemical constituents exert their influence (Greenfield and
Southgate, 2003).
Food composition tables are absolutely basic
tools for the work of the dietitian and the human
nutritionist. Every dietary prescription is built on the data
in the food tables. Every study of the relationship between
diet and health depends on the use of food Tables to
calculate nutrient intake. (Robertson, 2003). Food
composition provides detailed information on the
concentrations of nutrients and nutritionally important
components in foods. Food composition have a wide
variety of uses, which includes; assessment of health and
nutritional status at individual, regional, national and
international levels; formulation of appropriate
institutional and therapeutic diets, including those for
schools and hospitals; helping to identify nutrition
education and health promotion needs; food and nutrition
training; epidemiological research on relationships
between diet and disease; devising nutrition labeling; food
product and recipe development; monitoring the
nutritional value, safety and authenticity of foods for food
trade, and consumer protection and information;
improvements to the food supply, such as plant breeding
and new methods of cultivation, harvesting and
preservation. Dietary assessments can only be as good as
the food composition is accurate (Bingham, 1987) the use
of foreign chemical composition data presents many
problems due to the complexity of developing and
compiling data for food composition tables. The problem
becomes more difficult when the data available are
relatively old, or lack information about a local food dish.
Various macro- and micro-nutrients
deficiencies/imbalances still exist in various sections of
the Pakistani population, resulting in low health standards,
poor productivity in terms of physical and cognitive work,
and high prevalences of various communicable and non-
communicable diseases. These may not be necessarily the
outcome of lack of food availability. Improper selection of
food items may also add to the phenomenon. The evidence
from epidemiological studies and national assessments of
nutritional status have, therefore, led to increased guidance
and education programmes on choosing a healthy diet.
Farmer’s communities have cultural foods,
prepared in traditional ways. However reported data on
chemical composition of the prepared dishes of these
communities are non-existent. Ingredients formulation,
preparation methods and chemical composition of the
daily foods must be documented with a view to assess the
nutritional status of the people in a given community.
Present studies were undertaken to determine the
composition of prepared food of agricultural families
belonging to different geographical locations in Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.