Review Lattice Boltzmann application to nanofluids dynamics-A review Oluwaseyi Aliu a,c , Hamzah Sakidin a , Jalal Foroozesh b, ⁎, Noorhana Yahya a a Fundamental and Applied Sciences Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia b Petroleum Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Perak, Malaysia c Prototype Engineering Development Institute, Ilesa, Nigeria abstract article info Article history: Received 31 July 2019 Received in revised form 19 November 2019 Accepted 7 December 2019 Available online 11 December 2019 The advancement of nanotechnology has contributed immensely in solving major problems in engineering and medical applications. Versatility of nanofluids made of nanoparticles is attributed mainly to the size, shape, type and ionic composition of the particles. Specifically, the use of nanofluids for heat augmentation and mass trans- port is of wide application and it is accruing interest from researchers. Nonetheless, experimental approach may be cumbersome and expensive. To this end, Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) has shown its capability in the study of complex flow systems that have complicated geometries (e.g. porous media) with acceptable accuracy while using a simple algorithm. In this review, we present a rich summary of the latest findings on the application of LBM fornanofluids related heat and mass transfer processes with emphasis on porous media and also highlight current challenges for future research. © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Nanofluids Lattice Boltzmann method Heat convection Mass transfer Porous media Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2. Lattice configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Lattice Boltzmann transport model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4. Nanofluid transport . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4.1. Thermal conductivity model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4.2. Viscosity model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 4.3. LBM geometry and boundary conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 5. LBM on nanofluid with magnetic effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 6. LBM on nanofluid transport in porous media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 6.1. Comparison and validation of LBM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 6.1.1. Examination of grid independency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 6.1.2. LBM code validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 7. Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 8. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 1. Introduction The significance of nanoparticles (NPs) keeps gaining undaunted at- tention from researchers more than ever before due to its enormous ap- plications to virtually all disciplines. Fluids containing the suspension of these nanoparticles are referred to as nanofluids [1,2]. In engineering, much attention is given to convective (free or forced) heat transfer en- hancement due to its practical applications in cooling and heating pro- cesses. Ellahi et al. [3] worked on structural effect of Al2O3-kerosine nanofluid and established its potential for cooling liquid rocket engines; a vital finding in engineering. Nuclear reactors, heat exchanger, pane in- sulation panels, deposition instrument for chemical vapour, etc. all work on convective heat transfer mechanisms [4]. Alamri et al. [5] ascertained the significance of nanofluids for convective-radiation mechanism by examining the impact of some physical parameters on Plane Poiseuille Journal of Molecular Liquids 300 (2020) 112284 ⁎ Corresponding author. E-mail address: jalal.foroozesh@gmail.com (J. Foroozesh). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112284 0167-7322/© 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Molecular Liquids journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/molliq