https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819843311 new media & society 1–20 © The Author(s) 2019 Article reuse guidelines: sagepub.com/journals-permissions DOI: 10.1177/1461444819843311 journals.sagepub.com/home/nms #secondcivilwarletters from the front: Discursive illusions in a trending Twitter hashtag Andrew S Ross The University of Sydney, Australia Aditi Bhatia The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Abstract When conservative media personality and conspiracy theorist Alex Jones warned of an impending Second Civil War to be initiated by Democrats, he instigated a viral hashtag on Twitter – #secondcivilwarletters – which drew tweets of political commentary and critique in a style mimicking war letters from the American Civil War. Using a sample of these tweets, this article explores the evocation of discursive illusions already established within mainstream and alternative media discourse about contemporary partisan politics in America – that is, the divide between the Republicans and the Democrats and how they categorise each other. To do this we adopt Bhatia’s framework of the discourse of illusion and its three main components of linguistic and semiotic action, historicity and social impact. The analysis reveals the extent to which this illusion has permeated the consciousness of the users as they present their ideological beliefs and positions in this new media context. Keywords #secondcivilwarletters, categorisation, discourse analysis, discursive illusions, hashtag, metaphor, political commentary, Twitter Corresponding author: Andrew S Ross, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Email: andrew.s.ross@sydney.edu.au 843311NMS 0 0 10.1177/1461444819843311new media & societyRoss and Bhatia research-article 2019 Article