The Breeding Biology with Respect to Ecology of the Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita in Chhajjian, Haripur. Kpk, Pakistan Saira Bibi 1 , Muhammad Fiaz khan 1 , Aqsa Rehman and Syed Javaid Khurshid 2* 1 Department of Zoology, Hazara University, Mansehra, KPK, Pakistan 2 Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan * Javaid Khurshid, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan, E-mail: sjavaidk@gmail.com Received date: August 12, 2019; Accepted date: September 23, 2019; Published date: September 27, 2019 Copyright: © 2019 Bibi S, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Chiffchaff belongs to the nominate race collybita and inhabits mainly deciduous or mixed woodlands. This study documents aspect of breeding biology of chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita in Chhajjian, Haripur. KPK, Pakistan. We investigated the parameters such as: (1) laying dates; (2) length of the breeding season; (3) nest site usage; (4) clutch size; (5) length of the nestling period; and (6) the relative importance of causes of nest failure. First clutches are laid in the second half of April, and early May, with second clutches in June. Nests are built close to the ground, usually in Bramble Bushes Average clutch size decreases from 6 to 4 eggs through the season. Incubation and nestling periods last 13-14 days. Nest losses are mainly due to predation, which accounted for approximately 60% of losses in both data sets from five different localities. This is the first-ever documentation on chiffchaff from Pakistan so it will help the further finding to researcher and also for the conservation of then. Keywords: Chhajjian; Breeding biology; Chifchaf Introduction Te leaf warbler’s insectivorous birds which are adapted to Phylloscopus spp. are small foraging by leaf gleaning. Te leaf warbler’s Belongs to the family of the Old World warblers (Sylviidae), sub-order songbirds (Oscines), order passerines (Passeriformes) [1]. “Phylloscopus collybita complex” taxonomy was discussed by P Clement et al. [2]. Te taxonomic relations between abietinus and tristis are not well understood. Te molecular divergence between abietinus and tristis (1.7%-2.0%) is not sufcient to confrm their status as separate species [3]. Tree species commonly breed in the British Isles as summer visitors, namely the Chifchaf P. collybita, the Wood Warbler P. sibilatrix, and the Willow Warbler P. trochilus. Te Chifchaf is the smallest of them (7-9 g) and its extensive range, from the Canary Islands to eastern Siberia, covers a wide diversity of habitats and many subspecies are recognized. Te Chifchaf belongs to the nominate race collybita and inhabits mainly deciduous or mixed woodlands. Despite being a very common species in Britain, most known aspects of its breeding biology come from studies carried out in Switzerland, Germany, and Poland. Te species is insectivorous feed on eggs, fies, Insects, and larvae of butterfies and moths Common Chifchaf is a migratory passerine bird winter in southern and Asia and North Africa (sighting has occurred in Seistan, Afghanistan, and Pakistan [4]. Common Chifchaf collybita is a common winter migrant to [5] occurred in Maharashtra [6], Kedarnath, Uttarakhand [7] and Delhi [8]. It is essential for understanding the breeding parameters of a species to understand its ecology and biology this information is more important in case of poorly known or threatened [9]. Chifchaf has a more complex intra-specifc diferentiation, with the status of some taxa still unresolved [4]. We chose for an intensive study found in abundant in my area Te “chifchaf” a small warbler, in a variety of habitats as it is relatively common, it prefers to breed in low areas above the ground. Tis behavior of that species favors the data collection. Birds are widely familiar as an attractive target of research on microevolutionary processes, and such studies have commonly been conducted in contact zones [10]. Tis paper investigates aspects of the breeding biology of Chifchafs obtained during a broader study on the territorial behavior of the chifchaf in village Chhajjian. Te aims of this work were to document: (1) the onset and duration of its breeding season; (2) nest site usage; (3) variation in clutch size through the season; (4) the duration of incubation and nestling stages; and (5) causes of nest loss. Materials and Methods Study area Te study was conducted in Chhajjian is a valley in Haripur District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. It is located south East of the District Haripur at (33.88522°N 73.038054°E). It is surrounded by mountains; its mountains are covered with Pine trees and rich in wildlife. It is located far about 25 kilometers from the district Haripur, Rainfall is much higher than in most other parts of district Haripur. Tis study was conducted in fve diferent localities in the village Chhajjian Pattian, Udhardh, Dairi, Dara and Chardhi showed in (Figure 1). Tese localities are rich with the vegetation and trees and are the low lands from the hills or at the bottom of hills the climate of this area is severe i.e. in summer up to 35°C and 0°C in winter in some winters snow fall occurs. Te vegetation of the study area consists of Pinus roxburgii, Platanus orientalis, Euphratica, Melia azedarach, Grevillea robusta, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Ficus palmate, Broussonetica paperfera and many other plants also found there yet not documented. Journal of Biodiversity & Endangered Species Bibi, et al., J Biodivers Endanger Species 2019, 7:2 J Biodivers Endanger Species, an open access journal ISSN: 2332-2543 Volume 7 • Issue 2 • 1000235 J o u r n a l o f B i o d i v e r s it y & E n d an g e r e d S p e c ie s ISSN: 2332-2543 Corresponding author: Syed Research Article Open Access 1