979-8-3503-1046-7/23/$31.00 ©2023 IEEE
Hybrid PV and BES for EV Charging Stations in
Microgrid Systems
N. Thaitae
Department of Electronic Technology
Faculty of Industrial Technology
Nakhon Phanom University
Nakhon Phanom, Thailand
norasetthaitae@npu.ac.th
B. Yosrueangsak
Department of Industrial Electrical
Technology
Faculty of Industrial Technology
Nakhon Phanom University
Nakhon Phanom, Thailand
y_iam@npu.ac.th
C. Summatta
Department of Industrial Electrical
Technology
Faculty of Industrial Technology
Nakhon Phanom University
Nakhon Phanom, Thailand
chuthong@npu.ac.th
S. Sonasang
Department of Electronic Technology
Faculty of Industrial Technology
Nakhon Phanom University
Nakhon Phanom, Thailand
somchat.s@npu.ac.th
P. Prabpal*
Department of Electrical Technology
School of Industry Technology
Sakon Nakhon Technical College
Institute of Vocational Education
Northeastern Region 2
Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
*Corresponding author:
prakasit@techsakon.ac.th
Abstract— This paper presents a solution to hybrid systems
usage by installing electric vehicles to solve the hybrid
photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage system (ESS) for the
demand charging station problem. The research used a method
for hybrid installing the system in a microgrid distribution
system. The IEEE 13 bus standard was applied to test the
installation system with a computer program. The program
was tested with the Open electric power distribution
(OpenDSS) program, a simulator for electric distribution. It
was simulated continuously loading within 24 hours of
installation of EV charging station, PV and ESS at 680 bus as it
is the last bus of the microgrid system. OpenDSS was
developed to implement hybrid under the condition that the
PV size is 0.48 kW, 2000 kW, and the ESS size is 500 kW, 3000
kVAR. The EV battery with a power of 4.8 kW. The active
power under the condition adds hybrid systems under the
condition PV-EV, PV-ESS, and PV-ESS-EV. The results of the
study on the installation of hybrid systems in the microgrid
system. The comparison between the standard and the installed
system showed that the maximum and minimum values of the
percentage system were almost the same for the sum of both
active and reactive power supply. There are similar values with
a percentage difference of less than 1 %, while the power loss
in both active and reactive systems have a percentage
difference that is less than 1 %. The installed hybrid systems
do not affect the tested system in the microgrid systems.
Keywords—hybrid PV and ESS, EV, EV charging station
I. INTRODUCTION
Electricity demand has seen a significant increase in
demand due to economic growth and technological
advancement in sectors such as industry, communications,
transportation, and transportation in electric vehicles (EV).
It causes an inevitable increase in energy consumption
activities. General electricity from fossil fuels such as coal,
oil, and large amounts of natural gas. Renewable energy
using reduces the capacity use of fossil fuels and promotes
the use of clean energy in the industry. The EV use of power
from solar energy hybrid stored in batteries to support the
power of charging electric vehicles during peak periods can
High Voltage
Transformer
Grid
Commercial
Load
Residential
Load
EVs
PV Systems
AC
DC
Inverter
EVs
EVs
Inverter
Battery Energy Storage
Systems
AC
DC
EVs
EVs
Industrial
Load
Fig. 1. The concept of hybrid PV and BES for EV charging station
reduce the cost of using electricity during peak demand [1]
periods. In particular, solar PV technology is a renewable
energy source that can be part of distribution generators
(DGs) [2]. The PV can be used in energy management to
charging stations and inject power from DGs into the grid.
The demand for energy [3] from PV is timing for power to
connect to the grid but battery energy storage is used to keep
power in charging stations. The concept of hybrid PV and
BES for EV charging stations [4] is shown in Fig. 1. In the
microgrid system, there are loads used for industrial load,
commercial load, residential load, and other loads [5]. The