Environmental and Sustainability Indicators 19 (2023) 100289 Available online 19 August 2023 2665-9727/© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- nc-nd/4.0/). The effciency of petroleum and government health services to beneft life expectancy during the ineffciencies of hydroelectricity consumption Mochammad Fahlevi a , Maaz Ahmad b, * , Muhammad Eid Balbaa b , Tong Wu c , Mohammed Aljuaid d a Management Department, BINUS Online Learning, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, 11480, Indonesia b Department of World Economy, Tashkent State University of Economics, Tashkent, 100003, Uzbekistan c Hangzhou Linping District People’s Court, 311100, Hangzhou, China d Department of Health Administration, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia A R T I C L E INFO Keywords: Government health expenditures Life expectancy Carbon emissions Energy consumption Quantile regression model ABSTRACT Life expectancy is critical in determining living conditions in modern societies, making it a vital focus for pol- icymakers. This research employs a panel quantile regression model (ranging from 0.05 to 0.95) in Asian countries from 2000 to 2018. The study investigates the impact of economic growth, renewable and non- renewable energy consumption, carbon emissions, and government health services on life expectancy. The fndings reveal that economic growth affects life expectancy only at the 0.95 th quantiles while negatively infuencing lower and medium quantiles. Conversely, carbon emissions have a signifcant adverse effect on life expectancy across all quantiles. Hydroelectricity negatively affects life expectancy at low and high quantiles, except at the 0.95 th quantile. On the other hand, higher levels of petroleum and other liquids intake demonstrate positive effects on life expectancy in all quantiles. Government-provided healthcare signifcantly improves life expectancy in the lowest and middle quantiles, but its impact diminishes in the highest quantile. These fndings underscore the importance of fostering growth and productivity through improved organizational structures. Simultaneously, efforts toward environmental sustainability and clean energy sources are essential for a thriving ecosystem. Yet, effective use of renewable energy and technical endeavors is essential to ensuring environmental sustainability and a thriving ecosystem as part of establishing a clean form of energy sources. 1. Introduction Everyone has the right to a life that is free from disease and impairment and one that has a fair life expectancy. According to Shi et al. (1999), life expectancy at birth and postnatal mortality are two criteria that contribute to the defnition of health and motivate living healthy lives. The development index rises in large part because of im- provements in health indices. There is a clear relationship between improved health and increased productivity, job satisfaction, and longevity in the workplace. Previous research has recognized child mortality, life expectancy at 65, infant mortality, maternal mortality, and other measures as health indicators (Emamgholipour and Asemane, 2016; Wang et al., 2019). The average number of years a person has left until they reach a certain age is their life expectancy. The index, which enables people in sophisticated societies to live longer than average, is one of the most important metrics for gauging the current state of society. Hence, life expectancy might be a key health indicator signif- cantly affecting societal welfare, human and economic development (Crimmins and Zhang, 2019). Life expectancy is often cited as the pri- mary driver of economic development; however, studies have shown that in certain circumstances, this may not always be the case (Acemoglu and Johnson, 2007). Nevertheless, rising healthcare expenditures and a depressing GDP per capita are the prices we pay for longer life expec- tancies (He and Li, 2020). According to the fndings of Okunade and Osmani (2020), there is a negative relationship between per capita in- come and life expectancy when health costs are on the rise. In contrast, the survival rate is essential for per capita economic development. Investing in education and relationships enhances the standard of living and life expectancy. Human capital investment and wage growths are the keys to a prosperous society and longer lives (Maitra, 2018). Yet, lower education, training, and human capital levels are associated with shorter lifespans. Life expectancy is lower for those who have less formal education and training. Economic and social determinants infuence * Corresponding author. E-mail address: maazahmad@tsue.uz (M. Ahmad). Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Environmental and Sustainability Indicators journal homepage: www.sciencedirect.com/journal/environmental-and-sustainability-indicators https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2023.100289 Received 22 May 2023; Received in revised form 15 August 2023; Accepted 17 August 2023