~ 1798 ~
International Journal of Chemical Studies 2017; 5(6): 1798-1803
P-ISSN: 2349–8528
E-ISSN: 2321–4902
IJCS 2017; 5(6): 1798-1803
© 2017 IJCS
Received: 15-09-2017
Accepted: 17-10-2017
SP Singh
ICARCentral Potato Research
Institute-RS, Gwalior, Madhya
Pradesh, India
Anuj Bhatnagar
ICAR Central Potato Research
Institute -RS, Modipuram,
Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
VK Dua
Central Potato Research
Institute Shimla, Himachal
Pradesh, India
SK Sharma
ICARCentral Potato Research
Institute-RS, Gwalior, Madhya
Pradesh, India
MJ Sadawarti
ICARCentral Potato Research
Institute-RS, Gwalior, Madhya
Pradesh, India
Correspondence
SP Singh
ICARCentral Potato Research
Institute-RS, Gwalior, Madhya
Pradesh, India
Effect of planting windows on production of Kufri
Khyati: An early bulking potato cultivar for
Central India
SP Singh, Anuj Bhatnagar, VK Dua, SK Sharma and MJ Sadawarti
Abstract
Field experiment was conducted to study the performance of potato CV. Kufri Khyati to aberrations of
temperature and rains in relation to production and incidence of disease and pests at Central Potato
Research Station, Gwalior, India. Potato cultivar Kufri Khyati was planted with four planting windows
viz 15
th
September, 30
th
September, 15
th
October and 30
th
October for three consecutive years during
2009-10, 2010-11 and 2011-12. Data revealed that early planting of potato CV. Kufri Khyati at higher
temperature delayed tuberization, reduced tuber number (259,000/ha) and finally there was a drastic
reduction in tuber yields (9.5 t/ha) with net returns showed negative (Rs 14612/ha) trend. The B: C ratio
was also less than 1 in 15
th
September planted crop along with higher incidence of mite, thrips and stem
necrosis disease. The highest N uptake (92 kg/ha) was recorded with 15
th
October planted crop, however
it was lowest with 15
th
September planted crop. The highest nitrogen use efficiency (182 kg tuber/kg N
applied) and water use efficiency (109 kg tuber/mm water) was recorded with 15
th
October planted crop
with low incidence of pests and diseases. Severe mite, thrips and stem necrosis disease incidence were
recorded in 15 and 30th September planting window of potato. Thus, the planting window of 30
th
October is the most suitable planting date for potato cv. Kufri Khyati for ware crop to get maximum
tuber yield, low incidence of mite and thrips and higher net profit in Central India.
Keywords: planting window, climate change, N use efficiency, N uptake, water use efficiency
Introduction
Emergence and plant development are greatly affected by environmental factors such as
temperature, rainfall and sunlight, which are not controlled by growers. One of the most
important grower controlled factors is the decision on when to plant. Every production region
has an “optimum” planting window during which conditions are most favourable for
producing the highest potential yield in a given season. Planting before this window tends to
reduce yields by exposing the crop to stresses, such as unfavourable soil conditions, high
temperature and humidity, which tend to reduce yield. Likewise, planting after this optimum
window also reduces potential yield by reducing the days available for plant growth and tuber
bulking. The changing climate (specially rise in Temperature and aberrant rains) is going to
affect the crop yields through out the world. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most
important food crops in India. Extreme weather fluctuations are widely depressing agricultural
yields, increasing production instability, and degrading natural resources. If the change is not
managed adequately, the agricultural yields will drop by up to 20% by the year 2050 (Hijmans,
2003)
[9]
. Temperature, level of green house gases, rainfall, and high humidity directly affect
the crops, pathogens, insects, and weeds (Savary et al., 2011)
[16]
. Several new diseases, weeds,
and insect pests have started appearing with the changing climate. High day temperatures have
both direct and indirect damaging effects associated with hot tissue temperatures, plant water
deficits due to high transpiration, and low plant water potentials (Hall, 2001)
[8]
. Potato has
been thermo-sensitive and was productive only under long day conditions in temperate
climate. But development of heat tolerant cultivars and adjustment in production system
management has made it possible to have very high productivity in subtropical and warmer
climate. Temperature controls the plant growth, development and yield and day degrees are
normally used to quantify its effect. The partitioning of dry matter into the different organs viz.
leaves, stems and roots has been found to be a function of development stage which in turn is a
function of accumulated heat units. Threats to crops from increase in temperature are i)
increased risk of higher average temperature at critical stages ii) Increased risk of more