© American Society for Clinical Pathology S105 Am J Clin Pathol 2021;156:S21-S165
DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab191
AJCP / Meeting AbstrActs
age for females was 50 and for males, 57. Overall, B2GA
was present more than ACA (102/81) in females, and
ACA was present slightly more than B2GA (20/17) in
males. IgM APAs were much more common than IgG
APAs; IgM B2GA/IgG B2GA: 87/32 (p<0.01) and IgM
ACA/IgG ACA: 81/20 (p<0.01). Most APAs were at the
low-intermediate titer range and increased APAs titer
correlated with decreased positive rate: APAs titer at
20-40, 41-80 and >80 with positive results at 115, 61 and
44 respectively. In addition to documented autoimmune
disorders, pregnancy miscarriage was a common clinical
condition (24/66) in females at age <45. But for females
at age >45, vascular thrombosis became more common
(18/70). Vascular thrombosis was a common clinical di-
sease in males (16/31) followed by autoimmune disorders
(10/31). Most patients with vascular thrombosis received
antithrombotic therapies.
Conclusion: Female patients positive for APAs was sig-
nifcantly more and younger than males in this study. IgM
B2GA was the most common type of APAs followed by
IgM ACA. IgG B2GA and IgG ACA were much less
common. In younger female patients autoimmune dis-
orders and abortion were the most common clinical
conditions. In older female and male patients, autoim-
mune disorders and vascular thrombosis were the most
common clinical conditions. The titer of APAs detected
was at low-intermediate range in most patients. The rela-
tionship between the titer of APAs and clinical conditions
needs further study.
Hyperhemolysis Syndrome Following Pre-Operative Red
Blood Cell Exchange
D. Allison,
1
S.S. Karimi,
1
S. Campbell-Lee
1
;
1
Pathology,
University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, UNITED
STATES
Introduction/Objective: Pre-operative red blood cell ex-
change (RBCX) for patients with Sickle Cell Disease
(SCD) is a category III indication. In our institution,
RBCX is routinely performed pre-operatively when ge-
neral anesthesia is necessary with the goal of HbS%<30
and reduction in adverse events related to general anes-
thesia. In the context of elective surgery, the risks and
benefts of both the operation and any pre-operative
transfusion must be discussed with the patient. Herein,
we present an extreme case of Hyperhemolysis Syndrome
resulting from a pre-operative RBCX.
Methods/Case Report: A 23-year-old transgender fe-
male with SCD (Hb S Lepore) treated with Hydroxyurea
presented for elective breast augmentation for gender-
affrmation. Her pre-operative plan included a RBCX.
Her pre-exchange hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct)
were 10.3 g/dL and 29.3%, respectively. Hb electropho-
resis revealed HbS 52%, HbF 41.4%, HbA2 7.4%, and
HbA was not detected. Type and Screen (T&S) demon-
strated O + blood group, with a negative antibody screen,
and with no known historical alloantibodies.
RBCX was performed using the Spectra Optia
(TerumoBCT, Lakewood, CO, USA) with exchange
volume of 1.9 L of group O+ RBCs, phenotypically
matched for C, E, and K, an end Hct of 30% and an FCR
of 30%. Her post-exchange Hb and Hct were 10.2g/dL
and 29.5%, respectively. Hemoglobin fractionation re-
vealed HbS 12% and HbA 73%.
She underwent surgery without intraoperative complica-
tions. Two weeks post RBCX, her Hb had decreased to
5.3 g/dl, and her LDH and Total Bilirubin had increased
to 253 ul and 1.8 mg/dl, respectively. A repeat T&S drawn
8 days after RBCX revealed a positive antibody screen and
direct antiglobulin test (DAT). Three new alloantibodies
were identifed: anti-Fya (present in plasma and eluate);
anti-Jkb (present in plasma); anti-S (eluate). She was
treated with IVIG, 0.4 g/Kg/day for 5 consecutive days
and 2 doses of subcutaneous darbepoetin 100 mcg and
subsequently discharged with close outpatient follow
up. Her Hb returned to baseline at 11 g/dL, 48 days post
RBCX.
Results (if a Case Study enter NA): N/A
Conclusion: Pre-operative RBCX decreases morbidity
in sickle cell patients undergoing general anesthesia. In
the setting of elective surgery, patients must be counseled
on the benefts and risks of surgery as well as the requi-
site RBCX. In our case, the patient developed multiple
alloantibodies, with lifelong implications should she ever
need future blood transfusions.
Anemia prevalence in mothers with children under fve
years of age in Dodi Papase, Volta region of Ghana and
preventive practices.
A. Sanyaolu,
1
G. Dzando,
2
C. Okorie,
3
U. Jaferi,
4
A. Marinkovic,
5
S. Prakash,
5
R. Patidar,
5
P. Desai,
6
K. Younis
7
;
1
Communicable Diseases, AMOOF
Healthcare Consulting, Calgary, Alberta, CANADA;
2
University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, GHANA;
3
Union
County College, Plainfeld Campus, New Jersey, UNITED
STATES;
4
All Saints University School of Medicine,
Roseau, DOMINICA;
5
Saint James School of Medicine,
The Quarter, ANGUILLA;
6
American University of
Saint Vincent School of Medicine, Leeward Hwy, SAINT
VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES;
7
Mount Royal
University, Calgary, Alberta, CANADA
Introduction/Objective: Sociodemographic factors infu-
ence the prevalence of anemia in endemic areas. The pur-
pose of this study is to establish the prevalence and causes
of anemia and to determine anemia preventive practices
carried out by mothers with children under fve years of
age in the Kadjebi District of the Volta region of Ghana.
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