Urol Int 1990;45:186-187
© 1990 S. Kargcr AG, Basel
0042-1138/90/0453-0186S2.75/0
Isolated Testicular Métastasés from Renal Cell Carcinoma
R. Indudharaa, S.K. Sharmaa, A. Rajwanshib, Amarjeet Shonki3
Departments of “Urology and bCytology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
Key Words. Testis • Métastasés • Renal cell carcinoma
Abstract. Testicular metastasis from renal cell carcinoma is very rare. Herein we report a case of left-side renal cell
carcinoma initially diagnosed to be clinically stage II, which developed left-side testicular métastasés 2 months
following radical nephrectomy. High inguinal orchiectomy was carried out. The patient was asymptomatic 2 months
later. Although renal vein involvement in renal cell carcinoma is common and its extension into inferior vena cava
well documented, tumour invasion of spermatic veins is rare.
Introduction
Metastasis to the testes is a rare condition [ 1 -3]. Non-
lymphomatous testicular métastasés may occur as part of
a widespread carcinomatosis or when a primary tumour
elsewhere is known to be present in which case the diag
nosis is easy. Rarely, the secondaries may be the only or
the initial sign of a primary lesion elsewhere; these cases
can prove difficult to diagnose histologically. The com
mon primary sources, in decreasing order of frequency,
include prostate, bronchus, bowel, pancreas, malignant
melanoma of bladder, and carcinoma of bladder and
kidney [4],
Testicular metastasis from renal cell carcinoma is
very rare, it being just given passing reference in several
standard books [4-6]. This rarity of renal cell carcinoma
metastasising into the testis and also the fact that it may
explain one of the modes of spread of renal cell carci
noma in its natural history of progression prompted us
to report this case.
Case Report
A.S., a 67-year-old male patient, presented with painful enlarge
ment of the left testis of 6 days’ duration. Two months earlier he had
undergone left radical nephrectomy for stage II renal cell carcinoma
(fig. 1). At that time, there was no evidence of lymph node or renal
vein involvement. He had no varicocele. Since nephrectomy speci
men revealed breach in Gerota’s fascia at one place, he was given
external radiation of 3,500 rad in 3 weeks to the renal fossa imme
diately following nephrectomy. On examination, the left testis was
enlarged to twice the size of its counterpart, and was tender. The
spermatic cord was indurated throughout its extent. No lump was
felt in the abdomen. The nephrectomy scar had healed well. The
chest X-ray was normal. A course of antibiotics and anti-inflamma
tory agents did not improve his condition. Fine needle aspiration
cytology from the left testis revealed metastatic deposits consistent
with renal cell carcinoma (fig. 2).
A left high inguinal orchiectomy was performed. The entire tes
tis and the cord up to the internal inguinal ring was replaced by
tumour tissue. Histopathology revealed classical features of renal
cell carcinoma replacing the normal testis. In view of distant metas-
tases, the patient was started on injection Proluton weekly. Eight
weeks later, he was asymptomatic, with no evidence of local or sys
temic recurrence.
Discussion
Approximately one third of patients with renal cell
carcinoma have haematogenous métastasés at the time
of diagnosis [5]. The common sites for métastasés in
decreasing order of frequency include the lungs (50%),
bones (30%; which are osteolytic), liver (30%), brain and
thyroid (25%). Local invasion into adrenals, spleen, dia
phragm is present in about 30-40% of cases [5]. Lym
phatic extension to regional lymph nodes is yet another
mode of spread.