International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Impact Factor (2012): 3.358 Volume 3 Issue 9, September 2014 www.ijsr.net Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY Kinetics of Oxidative Stress Markers at Rest and in Response to Aerobic and Acute Exercise in Judokas Men Kais Elabed 1 , Khaled Trabelsi 1 1 Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, 3029 Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia Abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare oxidative modifications following aerobic and acute exercise in judokas men. Judokas performed in random order a low-intensity aerobic exercise bout on a cycle ergometer. Blood samples were analyzed for total antioxidant status, malondiladehyde, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase , glutathione reductase , and α-tocopherols. The main results of this study were (a) aerobic and combined exercise had a significant effect on TAS (b) lipid peroxidation indicated by the levels of MDA showed a significant increase after aerobic and combined exercise (c) aerobic and combined exercise induced an increase in GPx, SOD and GR concentrations. Our results suggest different responses within the antioxiant system dependent on the intensity and duration of exercise. Keywords: Antioxidant, Oxidative stress, Aerobic exercise, Combined exercise. 1. Introduction Oxidative stress is a situation where an imbalance exists between prooxidants and antioxidants, in such a manner that the production of prooxidants (i.e., free radicals) overwhelms antioxidant defense, often leading to oxidation of lipids, proteins, DNA and other molecules which can alter cell function (Bloomer, 2008). To defend themselves against the harmful effects of free radicals, the body has anti-radical systems composed of antioxidants which work in conjunction with antioxidants consumed through dietary means, both natural and synthetic. Indeed, since the early work of Davies et al. 1986 showing that exercise increases the generation of free radicals in the body, numerous studies have demonstrated in humans and several animal species that acute exercise induces oxidative stress (Bloomer, 2008; Leeuwenburgh et al 2001); and disturbances in intracellular homeostasis occur with an imbalance between prooxidants and antioxidants. The chain of electron transport within mitochondria, the phenomenon of ischemia-reperfusion injury, and local inflammation have all been identified as major sources of production of free radicals during exercise Jenkins et al 1993; Bloomer et al 2004). It is well described that regular exercise training allows for adapatations to the antioxidant defense system which allow for attenuation in acute exercise-induced oxidative stress (Ji, 1999). However, what is less well described is the type of acute exercise that actually results in the greatest increase in oxidative stress. Indeed, studies on the effects of aerobic and combined exercise on oxidative stress and antioxidant status are rare and present divergent results. Fisher-Wellman and Bloomer (2009) provide a review of investigations comparing the effects of aerobic and anaerobic exercise on oxidative stress markers (Alessio et al 2000; Bloomer et al 2005; Inal et al 2001, Marzatico et al 1997). In their studies, Alessio et al (2000) and Bloomer et al (2005) showed that the aerobic exercise induces a greater increase in protein carbonyl than anaerobic exercise. Furthermore, Inal et al (2001) and Marzatico et al (1997) demonstrated that both acute aerobic and anaerobic exercise increase the activities of antioxidant defense enzymes. Studies on the effects of combined exercise on antioxiadant defense and oxidative stress are extremely rare, and to our knowledge, no studies exist comparing combined aerobic- anaerobic exercise with one form of exercise in isolation. Therefore, it was our aim to compare the effects of aerobic exercise alone or in combination on markers of antioxidant activity and oxidative stress. We used a sample of trained male judokas as test subjects, as these men are familiar with the exercise tests employed, and would represent the conditioning level of many well-trained athletes. Moreover, the study of judo athletes is of particular interest because the sport is in constant evolution and growth. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1 Subjects Ten judokas (mean age, 19.1 ± 1.4 years; mean body weight, 73.8 ± 1.4 kg; mean height, 176.1 ± 4.8 cm) were studied during the aerobic (trial 1), and combined exercise (trial 2). The combined exercise protocol was mixed between trial 1 and anaerobic exercise (as described below). Judokas trained six days per week, two sessions of 1.5 hours each per day, from Monday to Friday. All judokas regularly practiced judo for the preceding six years prior to participating in the study. No subject used dietary supplements containing antioxidants, or medications during the study period. 2.2 Anthropometric Measurements Subjects’ height was measured using to the nearest 5 mm with a stadiometer and the body mass of each subject was measured to the nearest 100 g with a calibrated electronic Paper ID: SEP14208 756