Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology New Series Received 2023-05-10 Corresponding author. Barhm MohamadPh.D. Lecturer. Emailbarhm.mohamadepu.edu.iq CitationFiras F. QaderFalah Z. MohammedBarhm Mohamad. Thermodynamic analysis and optimization of flat plate solar collector using TiO / water nanofluid. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology New Series . DOI:1011916 / j. issn. 1005 - 9113 2023050 Thermodynamic Analysis and Optimization of Flat Plate Solar Collector Using TiO / Water Nanofluid Firas F. Qader Falah Z. Mohammed and Barhm Mohamad . Technical Engineering College⁃KirkukNorthern Technical UniversityKirkuk 36001Iraq . Medical Device Technology EngineeringALQalam University CollegeKirkuk 36001Iraq .Department of Petroleum TechnologyKoya Technical InstituteErbil Polytechnic UniversityErbil 44001Iraq AbstractTo research solar energys efficiency and environmental benefitsthe thermal efficiencyexergy and entropy of solar collectors were calculated. The experiment involved two glass⁃topped collectorsfluid transfer tubesand aluminum heat⁃absorbing plates. Glass wool insulation minimized heat loss. A TiO / Water nanofluid was created using a mechanical and ultrasonic stirrer. Results showed that solar radiation increased thermal efficiency until middayreaching 4848% for water and 5123% for the nanofluid. With increasing mass flow rates from 0045 kg / s to 02 kg / sthermal efficiency improved from 1626% to 4737% for water and from 2065% to 4876% for the nanofluid. Filtered water provided 380 W and 395 of energy in March and Aprilwhile the nanofluid increased it to 395 W and 415 W during these months. Mass flow generated energyand the Reynolds number raised entropy. The noon exergy efficiency for nanofluids was 50-55compared to 30% for water. At noonthe broken exergy measured 87753 W for the nanofluid and 88012 W for water. In KirkukIraqthe % TiO / Water nanofluid outperformed water in solar collectors. Keywordsenergyexergyentropy generationnanofluidflat plate solar collector CLC numberTK51 Document codeArticle ID: 10059113(2023)00000014 Introduction This study focused on improving the performance of a flat solar collector by using nanofluid. In recent literaturethe researchers used MWCNT⁃H nanofluid with a diameter of 10-30 nm and a weight concentration of -0to increase the collectors efficiency by 83%. In this studythe thermal efficiency of the collector is linearly related to nanoparticle mass flow rate and volumetric concentration. By using a nano⁃diamond fluid with a concentration of and percentage of 69 compared to waterthe flat solar collectors efficiency was maximized. The study also measured the viscosity of the nanofluid and water using the Brookfield Digital Viscometer DV⁃II Pro. The experiments were conducted for two months in Kirkuks climateand the margin of error was found. Overallthe results suggest that using nanofluid can significantly improve the efficiency of flat solar collectors. To improve the performance of ⁃square⁃meter⁃squared flat solar collectorYousefi and Veisy [1] used a MWCNT nanofluid with a diameter of 10 - 30 nma weight concentration of -0and a mass flow rate of 0167-005 kg / s. The flat solar collectors efficiency rose 83% by increasing mass flow rate and nanofluid concentration. An experimental research was carried out on 34 flat solar collector using CNT nanofluid with diameter of nm and weight concentrations of ,0and [ 2] At efficiency increased by 39%. An experimental evaluation of thermal performance in flat solar collector of areaZamzamian et al. [ 3] employed Cu nanofluids combined with ethanol alcohol with a diameter of 10 nmvolumetric concentrations of · ·