ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Adaptation of the Mental Health Inventory
(MHI-38) for Adolescents - Indonesian Version
Abes Chrismayanti Parombean
1
, Fitri Ariyanti Abidin
2, 3
, Laila Qodariah
2, 3
, Shally Novita
4
1
Postgraduate Professional Psychology Study Programme, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia;
2
Department of
Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia;
3
Center for Family Life and Parenting Studies, Faculty of
Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia;
4
Center for Innovations and Psychological Research, Faculty of Psychology,
Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia
Correspondence: Abes Chrismayanti Parombean, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl Raya Bandung-Sumedang
Km. 2, Sumedang, 45363, Indonesia, Tel +62 812 7892 3493, Email abes21001@mail.unpad.ac.id
Objective: This study validates the Indonesian version of the Mental Health Inventory-38 (MHI-38) for use among Indonesian
adolescents. The adaptation process followed guidelines from the International Test Commission and involved translation, expert review,
cognitive interviews, and psychometric evaluation. A total of 562 adolescents (mean age = 15.42, SD = 1.84) participated in the study.
Results: The MHI-38 demonstrated dual factors: psychological well-being and psychological distress. Internal consistency was high for the
MHI-38 (α = 0.892) and its factors: psychological well-being (α = 0.894) and psychological distress (α = 0.952). Confrmatory factor
analysis indicated a good ft (RMSEA = 0.048, CFI = 0.945, NFI = 0.908, TLI = 0.929). Psychological well-being correlated moderately
with the Satisfaction with Life Scale (r = 0.469, p = 0.00) and positive affect (r = 0.448, p = 0.00), but negatively with the Kessler
Psychological Distress Scale (r = −0.230, p = 0.00). Psychological distress correlated strongly with the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale
(r = 0.910, p = 0.00) and negative affect (r = 0.857, p = 0.00), but negatively with the Satisfaction with Life Scale (r = 0.556, p = 0.00).
Conclusion: The Indonesian version of the MHI-38 demonstrated good psychometric properties and validity, making it a reliable tool
for assessing mental health in Indonesian adolescents.
Keywords: adolescents, mental health, psychological well-being, psychological distress, psychometric properties, validation
Introduction
Mental health in adolescents poses a signifcant challenge, especially in developing countries like Indonesia. However, the
existing body of research on mental health assessment primarily originates from developed countries.
1
Insuffcient attention has
been given to investigating adolescents’ mental health in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), leading to a dearth of data
in this area. One potential factor contributing to the limited research in this area is the lack of attention given to the distinct mental
health needs of children and adolescents, which differ from those of adults. This lack of attention is particularly evident in the
insuffcient availability of mental health professionals and dedicated facilities specifcally tailored to meet the needs of children
and adolescents in many LMICs. The lack of specialized training among mental health professionals hampers their ability to
provide effective services to this population. Additionally, children and adolescents are often perceived as having limited
infuence in politics and economics. As a result, their mental health needs are more likely to be overlooked than adult patients
with mental disorders.
2
It is crucial to develop diagnostic and assessment tools that consider specifc regions’ unique cultural and
social contexts. Tools developed in developed countries may not adequately address the cultural nuances prevalent in developing
nations, thereby hampering the accurate identifcation and measurement of adolescent mental health issues.
In recent years, mental health problems among Indonesian adolescents have increased.
3
A study by the Indonesian
Psychiatric Association in 2020 found that 27% of Indonesian adolescents aged 13–18 reported experiencing mental
health issues, with depression and anxiety being the most common concerns.
4
Various factors contribute to mental health
problems among Indonesian adolescents, including academic pressure,
5
social media use,
6
family conficts,
7
and
exposure to violence and trauma.
8
Moreover, the stigma and lack of awareness around mental health issues may prevent
Psychology Research and Behavior Management 2023:16 2655–2665
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Psychology Research and Behavior Management Dovepress
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Open Access Full Text Article
Received: 14 April 2023
Accepted: 6 July 2023
Published: 13 July 2023
Psychology Research and Behavior Management downloaded from https://www.dovepress.com/ on 04-Sep-2023
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