ANNUAL BULLETIN OF RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR SOCIAL SCIENCES No. 53, 123-136, 2023 INTRODUCTION Nigeria, (Population: 200m; GDP of 560.00 USD Billion [201c Est.] (Trading Economics, March, 2020)) has a land mass of c23,768 sq. km (356,66c sq. miles), great wealth in solid mineral resources and Petroleum and Gas and with great potential in Agricultural economy. Its crude oil reserve stands at 24.0 billion barrels. Saudi Arabia, (Population: 34.8m; GDP of 785.00 USD Billion [201c Est.] (Trading Economics, 201c) has the largest crude oil reserve in the world (25%) and total surface area of 2,14c,6c0 sq. km (82c,ccc.c4 sq. miles). They are both members of the United Nations Organisation (UNO), the Non-Aligned Movement, Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). This paper aims at examining the role of culture and the security imperative in the behaviour of states; to demonstrate how national culture as well as security needs shape the formulation and implementation of the foreign policies of states, in this case, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia and the USA. The paper sets out to answer the question: How do the national cultures of Nigeria and the USA reflect in their respective Saudi Arabia policies and how does Saudi Arabia’s security need reflect in its respective relations with Nigeria and the United States of America? The paper is based on Library search and is divided into three major parts: Introduction; Literature Review; Islam and security needs in Saudi – America relations; Culture in Nigeria – Saudi Arabia relations; and the Conclusion. LITERATURE REVIEW Islam exerts great influence on Saudi Arabia’s domestic and foreign policies. It confers legitimacy and prestige on the regime, the house of Saud. The multi-ethnic, multi-religious Nigerian state has Muslims constituting about half its population. By the end of WWII, the United States had spawn a relationship with Saudi Arabia that has lasted the time since President Roosevelt’s first impressions of the growing strategic importance of the Desert Monarchy (Lippman, 2018). Even if their relations are not immersed in conflicts by any means, cooperation is particularly tangential in Nigeria – Saudi ＊ラゴス州立大学歴史国際学部　准教授 Jamiu Adewumi Oluwatoki ＊ Culture, Security and Foreign Policy: Nigeria and the USA in Saudi Arabia’s External Relations 〈アフリカ研究センター〉 「台頭するアフリカ地域大国ナイジェリアの総合的研究」