International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Index Copernicus Value (2013): 6.14 | Impact Factor (2015): 6.391 Volume 5 Issue 4, April 2016 www.ijsr.net Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY Prevalence of Anemia Risk Factors in Pregnant Women Dr. Seema Kumari 1 , Dr. Jyoti Priya 2 1 Assistant Professor Department of Physiology, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences , Mau, Ataria, Sitapur 2 Assistant Professor Department of Physiology, VIMS, Pawapuri, Nalanda Bihar Abstract: Objective : To study the prevalence and risk factors of women with anemia during pregnancy. Materials and methods : This study was performed based on 100 pregnancies delivered during the years 2016 in Hind institute of medical sciences. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin (Hg) lower than 11 g/dl during pregnancy. This test were estimated by hemoglobinometer. Result : Out of 100 pregnant women, 40 (40%) pregnant women were anemic and 60 pregnant women were non anemic (60%). Also, among these anemic pregnant women, majority (55 %) of these women were mildly anemic, whereas 35% were moderately and 10% were severely anemic. Conclusion : Prevalence of anemia was higher in the pregnant women at the second trimester (51.1%) and also at the 20-35 years age group (62.79%). Keywords: Pregnancy, Anemia, Prevalence, Hb concentration 1. Introduction World Health Organization defines anemia as hemoglobin below 11g/dl as the lower limit acceptable and 10.5g/dl in the second half of pregnancy. Anemia can further be classified into mild anemia (10 -10.9g/dl), moderate anemia (7-9.9g/dl) and severe anemia (<7g/dl)[1]. The prevalence of anemia in pregnancy varies considerably because of differences in socioeconomic conditions, lifestyles and health seeking behaviors across different cultures.[2] Pregnancy is a period of a significant increase in iron requirement over and above the non-pregnant state[3]. Although iron requirements are reduced in the first trimester because of the absence of menstruation, they rise steadily thereafter from approximately 0.8 mg per day in the first month to approximately 10 mg per day during the last 6 weeks of pregnancy[4]. The increased iron requirement is due to expansion of maternal red blood cell mass for increased oxygen transport, including transfer of iron, to both the growing foetus and the placental structures, and as a needed reserve for blood loss and lochia at parturition[5]. Due to increased iron requirements, pregnancy is also a period of increased risk for anaemia. Thus, a high proportion of women become anaemic during pregnancy. Women go through a variety of physiological changes during pregnancy. Changes in the blood circulatory system are particularly notable, permitting normal fetal growth. Even in normal pregnant women, the hemoglobin concentration decreases with dilution according to the increase in the volume of circulating blood. Since iron and folic acid in amounts necessary to the fetus are preferentially transported to the fetus, the mother is likely to develop iron deficiency anemia and folic acid deficiency anemia. About 20% of pregnant women suffer anemia, and most of the cases are iron deficiency, folic acid deficiency, or both [6] 2. Materials and Methods Study area and Duration The study was conducted on hemoglobin that obtained from blood sample of anemic pregnant women submitted to laboratory from February 2016 to march 2016 at Hind institute of medical sciences. Study Population Blood sample were collected from a total of 100 anemic pregnant women. All these pregnant women in-patients attending the hind institute of medical sciences. We included only those who came to Hind Hospital for antenatal check up and came for delivery as well. As anemia is classified into three degree according to WHO are mild, moderate and severe. Hb cut-off values of anemia were 10.0-11.9 g/dl (mild), 7.0-9.9 g/dl (moderate) and <7.0g/dl (severe).7 World Health Organization’s guideline was used for interpretation and classification of anemia.[7] 3. Results A total of 100 pregnant women samples were collected and analyzed for this study from February 2016 to March 2016. The age group for this study was considered from 18-45 years. Table 1 shows that among the total pregnant women, 40 (40%) pregnant women were anemic and 60 pregnant women were non anemic (60%). Table 1: Anemic and Non anemic pregnant women Total pregnant women Anemic Non anemic 100 40(40%) 60(60%) Also, among these anemic pregnant women, majority (67.14%) of them were mildly anemic, whereas 28.57% were moderately and 4.29% were severely anemic as can be seen in Table 2 . Paper ID: 21041602 2107