VOL. 11, NO. 21, NOVEMBER 2016 ISSN 1819-6608 ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences © 2006-2016 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved. www.arpnjournals.com 12760 EMISSION FACTOR OF DUSTFALL AND TSP FROM ANDISOL SOIL FOR AMBIENT AIR QUALITY CHANGE ASSESSMENT Gamal Hamiresa 1 , Arief Sabdo Yuwono 2 and Syaiful Anwar 3 1 Study Program of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Graduate School, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia 2 Departement of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia 3 Department of Soil Science and Land Resource, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia E-Mail: gamalhamiresa@gmail.com ABSTRACT Dustfall (DF) and Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) are often used to characterize air quality near the source of the dust. These two important parameters that contribute to air quality deterioration are required to be measured in accordance with government regulation of the Republic of Indonesia (PP41/1999). The purposes of the study were to (1) measure the concentration of DF and TSP generated from Andisol soil, (2) determine the emission factors that were affected by wind speed, soil moisture content, land cover percentage, and (3) analyse distribution of DF size. The study was conducted in a laboratory scale tunnel where the surface was covered by Andisol soil originated from Tanggamus Municipality in Lampung Province. DF was determined by the gravimetric method (SNI 13-4703-1998) and the samples were collected with DF Canister. Measurement of TSP concentration in ambient air was carried out based on SNI 19- 7119.3-2005 method and the instrument was High Volume Air Sampler (HVAS). Analysis of the size distribution of the dustfall was carried out by direct observation using a digital microscope. Based on the research results, concentration of DF and TSP generation was lower than the quality standard limit of PP 41/1999 and was positively correlated with wind speed, negatively correlated with soil moisture content and the percentage of land cover. Emission factor of DF and TSP generated by Andisol soil was affected by wind speed and soil moisture content. Dustfall size was dominated by fraction of 10-100 µm. Keywords: andisol, dustfall generation, dustfall size distribution, emission factor, tanggamus, total suspended particulate (TSP). 1. INTRODUCTION Ambient air quality is an important factor in the lives of human and other livings, but with increasing physical development of cities, urban centres and industrial centres, the concentration of pollutants in the air increased that deteriorated the air quality(Almuhanna 2015; Lu et al. 2015; Zhao and Shi 2012). According to Government Regulation No. 41/1999, air pollution is the introduction of substances, energy and/or other components into the ambient air by human activities so that the ambient air quality deteriorates to a certain level which causes the ambient air cannot fulfil its function. Dustfall (DF) and total suspended particles (TSP) are two important parameters in the ambient air quality. The existence and effect of both parameters in a single location is identical to the ambient air quality conditions at the site (Andrićet al. 2013; Hahnenberger and Nicoll 2014). Andisol soil derived from volcanic ash is characterized by a black or dark colour due to the high content of organic matter, loose, light and slippery. The soil has low bulk density, high water holding capacity, and high total porosity; it is also friable with less plastic consistency and not sticky. When wet the soil is greasy and smeary. These characteristics indicate that Andisol soil materials would easily distribute by water and air fluids (Shoji et al. 1993; Ranstet al. 2008; Kato and Kozai 2010; Wakindiki and Omondi 2012). Estimated generation of DF and TSP from ten soils (Alluvial/Entisol/Inceptisol, Latosol/Oxisol, Ultisol/Red Yellow Podzolic, Andisol, and Grumusol/Vertisol) in Java has been studied by Amaliahetal. (2014), Rochimawatiet al. (2014), and Yuwonoet al. (2014). This research was conducted to obtain data generation and emission factors for DF and TSP parameters on the surface of Andisol soil from Tanggamus Municipality, Lampung Province. DF and TSP generation could be controlled effectively and efficiently if their generating factors such as wind speed, soil moisture content (Fecan et al. 1999; Wang et al. 2015) and land cover percentage have been known. Carvalho and Freitas (2011) stated that the air quality management strategy must consider relative contributions of various sources of air pollution, both of natural and anthropogenic sources. The first objective of this study was to measure DF and TSP generation in ambient air laboratory scale at various levels of wind speed, soil moisture content, and percentage of land cover. The second objective was to develop emission factors of DF and TSP generation based on wind speed and soil moisture content. The third objective is to analyse particle size distribution of DF. 2. RESEARCH METHOD 2.1 Research framework The steps in this research include initial data collection; DF and TSP concentration measurements in a laboratory scale and controlled wind speed, moisture content and percentage of land cover; particle size distribution measurement using a complete digital microscope with camera; and determination of emission factors. Measurements in the first two steps were followed