European Journal of Mechanics B/Fluids 56 (2016) 82–96 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect European Journal of Mechanics B/Fluids journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ejmflu Design optimization of the aerodynamic passive flow control on NACA 4415 airfoil using vortex generators Omar Madani Fouatih a,* , Marc Medale b , Omar Imine a , Bachir Imine a a Laboratory of Aeronautics and Propulsive Systems, Sciences and Technology University of Oran, Box 1505, El Mnaouer, Oran, Algeria b Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IUSTI UMR 7343, 13013 Marseille, France graphical abstract * Corresponding author. E-mail address: fouatih_usto@hotmail.fr (O.M. Fouatih). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechflu.2015.11.006 0997-7546/© 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.