Page | 1 Nauruan Numeral System (Revised) © MARK WILLIAMS (mark.williams1954@gmail.com) Manuscript date: 19 th August 2016 Revised:6 th September 2023 Page/s CONTENTS 1 - 7 1. Introduction 8 – 13 2.Current Status of Nauruan 14 - 16 3. Phonetics 3.1. Description of Consonant Phonemes 3.2. Some Observations of Sound Changes in Nauruan during the 20th Century 17 18 – 19 20 - 22 4. Orthography 4.1. Observations on Kayser’s Orthographies 1936 and 1976 4.2. Observations of the Orthography of the 1918 Bible 4.3. Comparative Table of Nauruan Orthographies 23 24 – 25 26 – 27 28 - 29 5. Abbreviations Used 30 - 33 6. Observations of the Origin of Nauruan Numerals as Reflexes of Proto-Oceanic 34 - 36 7. Nauruan Numeral System 7.1.Composition of Numerals 37 38 8. Prefixes used with Numeral Roots 8.1. Numeral Prefic a- 8.1.1. Numeral Prefix Varian ana- 8.1.2.Numeral Prefix Correspondences in Oceanic Language Family 8.1.3. Causative Prefix ka- 8.1.4.The Usage of the Causative Prefix ka- in the Oceanic Family of Languages 8.1.5.Variants of the Causative Prefix ka- 39 39 39 - 40 41 42 42 43