Psychodynamic Psychiatry, 50(4), 639–658, 2022
© 2022 The American Academy of Psychodynamic Psychiatry and Psychoanalysis
Clinical Article
The Plan Formulation Method from Control
Mastery Theory and Management of
Countertransference
Francesco Gazzillo, Marshall Bush, and David Kealy
Abstract: The aim of this article is to show how the plan formulation method
(PFM), an empirically validated method for case formulation based on control
mastery theory (CMT), can help clinicians make sense of and use what they feel
during sessions to better understand and treat their patients.
We give a brief overview of the main psychoanalytic conceptions about coun-
tertransference, provide a brief introduction to CMT, and describe the concept
of the plan and the PFM.
We then show, using several brief clinical examples, how the components of
the plan (patient’s goals, pathogenic beliefs, traumas, tests, and insights) may
help understand clinicians’ in-session feelings.
Keywords: countertransference, clinicians’ emotions, control mastery theory,
plan formulation method, testing
INTRODUCTION
In this article we present a comprehensive model for understand-
ing and making use of clinicians’ in-session emotional reactions that
is based on the plan formulation method (PFM; Curtis & Silberschatz,
2007), an empirically validated procedure for case formulation and
treatment planning based on control-mastery theory (CMT; Gazzillo,
2021; Weiss, 1993; Weiss et al., 1986). In contrast to other models, CMT
Francesco Gazzillo, Ph.D., is affliated with the Department of Dynamic and Clinical
Psychology, and Health Studies at the “Sapienza” University of Rome, Italy. Marshall
Bush, Ph.D., is affliated with the San Francisco Psychotherapy Research Group, California,
United States. David Kealy, Ph.D., is affliated with the Department of Psychiatry at the
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Disclosure: The authors declare no conficts of interest.