e-ISSN: 2582-5208 International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science ( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal ) Volume:05/Issue:08/August-2023 Impact Factor- 7.868 www.irjmets.com www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science [2933] COMPARISONS OF EAST/WEST AND SOUTH ORIENTED PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) SYSTEMS IN TERMS OF PERFORMANCE AND LAND UTILIZATION WITH THE BEST OPTIMUM TILT ANGLES. Abba Muhammad Adua *1 , Bashar Yahaya Sanda *2 , Abubakar Sadiq *3 , Jamilu Musa *4 *1,3.4 Kebbi State University Of Science And Technology, Aliero, Faculty Of Engineering, Department Of Electrical And Electronic Engineering, PMB 1144, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria. *2 Kebbi State University Of Science And Technology, Aliero, Faculty Of Engineering, Department Of Civil Engineering, PMB 1144, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria. ABSTRACT As the demand for renewable energy sources increases, photovoltaic (PV) systems play a vital role in meeting sustainable energy goals. One key aspect of PV system design is the determination of the optimum tilt angle, which significantly impacts system performance and land utilization. In this study, we compare East/West and South oriented PV systems, analysing their performance and land utilization with the best optimum tilt angles. The study employs a comprehensive approach, combining numerical simulations and performance evaluations. Two distinct orientations are considered: East/West and South, representing different sun exposure patterns. Furthermore, the optimal tilt angles for each orientation are determined using advanced optimization algorithms. Performance analyses are conducted by evaluating key performance indicators such as energy production, capacity factor, and annual yield. These parameters provide insights into the efficiency of each PV system configuration. Additionally, land utilization is assessed by calculating the required area for each system, considering factors such as shadowing effects and module spacing. Results indicate that East/West oriented PV systems offer advantages in terms of energy production and capacity factor compared to South oriented systems. The distributed sun exposure over the day enhances power generation during peak demand hours. Conversely, South oriented systems exhibit higher annual yields due to improved solar radiation capture during specific periods. Land utilization analyses reveal that East/West systems require larger land areas compared to South oriented systems. The spread-out arrangement of panels in East/West configurations necessitates additional space. However, this drawback can be mitigated by utilizing marginal lands or optimizing inter-row spacing. This study sheds light on the trade-offs between East/West and South oriented PV systems with the best optimum tilt angles. The findings contribute to the decision-making process for PV system designers, enabling them to select the most suitable configuration based on their specific goals and constraints. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of considering both performance and land utilization aspects to achieve efficient and sustainable PV installations. Keywords: Solar Energy, Orientation, Photovoltaic System, Optimum Tilt Angles. I. INTRODUCTION The human race heavily depends on energy technology for its existence. Therefore, energy becomes the essential source of civilization of the human development. By clearly looking at the past generations, even the primitive man in the society was keen to develop any kind of activity with energy. Presently, our energy consumption is based on resources from non-renewable energy such as fossil fuels, which include natural gas, oil, coal, etc. (Trackers et al., 2011). These energy resources are exhaustible however, it accounts for more than eighty percent (80%) of the world's total primary energy demand. Another drawback of using non-renewable energy is that, it is causing health hazard and environmental degradation (Alkan & Ates, 2023). Fossil fuels posed global warming in recent years and yet, the energy demand always growing and with this, the supplies for fossil fuels are decreasing to the minimal level (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Nigeria, 2021). The demand for energy is always rising more especially in the developing countries. Renewable energy is the surest way to meet your energy demand as such your electric bill will drop. How enormously you will save on your bill, this will depend on the ability of the solar system and the rate of your energy consumption (Tina et al., 2022). This