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The Pharma Innovation Journal 2023; SP-12(8): 572-575
ISSN (E): 2277-7695
ISSN (P): 2349-8242
NAAS Rating: 5.23
TPI 2023; SP-12(8): 572-575
© 2023 TPI
www.thepharmajournal.com
Received: 01-06-2023
Accepted: 11-07-2023
S Soren
Department of Animal
Nutrition, West Bengal
University of Animal and
Fishery Sciences, Belgachia,
Kolkata, West Bengal, India
GP Mandal
Department of Animal
Nutrition, West Bengal
University of Animal and
Fishery Sciences, Belgachia,
Kolkata, West Bengal, India
I Samanta
Department of Veterinary
Microbiology, West Bengal
University of Animal and
Fishery Sciences, Belgachia,
Kolkata, West Bengal, India
RN Hansda
Department of Veterinary
Pathology, West Bengal
University of Animal and
Fishery Sciences, Belgachia,
Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Corresponding Author:
S Soren
Department of Animal
Nutrition, West Bengal
University of Animal and
Fishery Sciences, Belgachia,
Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Saccharomyces cerevisiae based postbiotics: Assessment
of their effects on the health and productive
performance of poultry
S Soren, GP Mandal, I Samanta and RN Hansda
Abstract
As drug resistance in microbial population increases, researchers are investigating novel natural
antibiotics and alternative substances that can be employed safely in both humans and animals. These
alternatives strive to sustain a healthy gut microbiome and obstruct the adhesion of harmful organisms at
premature life milestones. The use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and their derivatives such as para
probiotics and postbiotics have proven to be effective in promoting growth and preventing enteric
pathogens. Postbiotics have been observed to possess a range of beneficial properties, including
immunostimulation, anti-inflammation, antioxidant abilities, antimicrobial effects and promotion of
growth. Nevertheless, there is not much information about how postbiotics can be used in animals or the
poultry industry; therefore this review article seeks to bring greater understanding to those possibilities.
Keywords: broiler, growth performance, gut health, immune response, postbiotic
Introduction
The global impact of antibiotics being utilized for the promotion of growth in poultry
production has been immense. It has led to a shift in the intestinal flora of chickens, better
disease control and immunization capacities (Lee et al., 2012)
[2]
, but also resulted in
unchecked indiscriminate usage of antibiotics resulting in bacterial resistance and antibiotic
residue being present in animal products, causing a health hazard for animals and humans alike
(Gonzalez Ronquillo et al., 2022)
[3]
. Due to the necessity of it, European nations and many
others have imposed a ban on using antibiotics in animal feed. As a response, alternatives that
can still provide high levels of animal production are being looked into and explored (Diarra
and Malouin, 2014)
[4]
. Recently, due to the need for alternatives to traditional antibiotics,
there has been extensive research into utilizing animal antibiotic replacements in livestock
production (Rafiq et al., 2022)
[5]
. These include prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and
postbiotics, which have been subject to extensive research to tailor more specific and secure
biological control products for the industry. Such substitutes can help mitigate antibiotic
resistance issues while providing safe and efficient food for animals and humans. Recently,
postbiotics have gained vast attention as preferred substitutes for probiotics due to their ability
to reproduce the same effects as probiotics without having to use living cells (Choe et al.,
2012)
[6]
. Postbiotics have been found to possess numerous beneficial effects such as improved
gut health, which is essential for animal nutrition; prevention of the expansion of pathogenic
bacteria allows for optimal nutrient uptake and enhanced growth in livestock (Kareem et al.,
2014)
[7]
; and potentially even gastro-protective effects mediated by immunomodulation
(Kareem et al., 2014)
[7]
. Thus, postbiotics present a promising avenue in the research of novel
biotechnological solutions for animal nutrition.
Concept of postbiotics
In 2019, the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP)
gathered a team of specialists to assess the meaning and scope of postbiotics. The panel
outlined a definition of postbiotics as “preparations of inanimate microorganisms and/or their
components that confers a health benefit on the host” (Salminen et al., 2021)
[8]
. In order for
postbiotic preparations to be successful, they must comprise either inactivated microbial cells
or their components, with or without accompanying metabolites that contribute to beneficial
outcomes (Yelin et al., 2019)
[9]
. This consensus from leading experts provides an important
framework for understanding these complex preparations and their potential applications.