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Category: IT Education
IntroductIon
The past two decades have ushered in a very pronounced
gravitation toward a constructivist approach to teaching
and learning in all realms of society and most particularly
in the online distance education environment. Augmenting
communication in and among those in the academic, busi-
ness, and military communities, the exponential advance-
ment of science and technology has availed vast amounts
of information to virtually millions of people around the
globe. In conjunction with this knowledge explosion has
been a growing concern for the democratization of the
learning process, with constructivism driving much of the
educational agenda. This article examines the resurgence
of this approach to teaching and learning, its convergence
with rapidly changing technological advances, and how it
forecasts future trends in online pedagogy.
Background
While the constructivist method has been highly emphasized
in the more recent literature (Jonassen, Davidson, Collins,
Campbell, & Haag, 1995; Rovai, 2004; Tenenbaum, Naidu,
Jegede, & Austin, 2001), it is not a new approach to learning.
Presenting an early example, Socrates facilitated discourse
with students asking directed questions to assist them in real-
izing the weaknesses in their logic and critical thinking. This
enabled them to share in the responsibility of their learning
through active participation while negotiating meaning in
the creation of shared understanding. In contrast, over time,
most professors in Western culture often served as primary
repositories of information along with the scrolls and velum
texts found in the limited number of physical libraries avail-
able to educators. This role included the important function
of disseminating information, as well as assisting students in
Figure 1. © 2000, Grooms, L.D.
Peers Peers
Content Content
Facilitator Facilitator
Learner Learner
Learner Interaction Model Learner Interaction Model
Constructivism in Online Distance Education
Kathaleen Reid-Martinez
Azusa Pacifc University, USA
Linda D. Grooms
Regent University, USA
Mihai C. Bocarnea
Regent University, USA
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