RESEARCH NOTES Application of the replicating effective programs framework to design a COPD training program Edward C. Portillo * , Stephanie Gruber, Molly Lehmann, Kim Kies, Amanda Margolis, Kelsey Kreyer, Rangana Milone, Sujani Kakumanu article info Article history: Received 16 June 2020 Accepted 30 October 2020 abstract Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death globally and a common cause of hospital readmissions in the United States. While best practices exist in COPD management, incorporation of such approaches into routine clinical care remains a challenge. Objectives: This evaluation applied principles from the field of dissemination and implementation (D&I) science to design a training package integrating best practice for COPD management. The D&I field promotes evidence-based implementation strategies, frameworks, and assessment approaches that can be considered by clinicians to promote adoption of best practices. Methods: This prospective mixed-methods evaluation applied a D&I science model to develop, implement, and evaluate an interprofessional training program for COPD management origi- nally piloted in 2016. The authors provide a contextual example of how a guiding D&I framework, replicating effective programs, was applied to design and implement a Web-based training program for clinicians preparing to implement the COPD service. A questionnaire and profession-specific focus group sessions were conducted to evaluate trainee confidence and enactment of critical service components. Results: A total of 41 of the 50 interprofessional trainees responded to the pre- and post- questionnaire including primary care clinical pharmacists (n ¼ 15), primary care registered nurses (n ¼ 9), triage registered nurses (n ¼ 12), and respiratory therapists (n ¼ 5). Statistically significant improvements in trainee confidence and enactment were observed in 31 of the 40 total survey items (77%). Pooled focus group data provided attestation that the training enhanced practitioners’ confidence in their role within the service. Opportunities for further improvement were also identified, such as incorporating a video modeling clinic example and accompanying written materials. Conclusion: This evaluation provides a case-study example of how D&I science can be used to design, implement, and evaluate a training package for trainees to spread a promising best practice. Clinicians can consider similar applications of D&I science to enhance training and spread novel services across health systems. © 2020 American Pharmacists Association ® . Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects more than 15 million Americans, and the rate of COPD exac- erbations is estimated to be as high as 3.5 exacerbations per patient per year with a COPD diagnosis, with mortality rates as high as 35.6% 2 years after a hospitalization for COPD. 1-4 Providing timely access to care after discharge has been shown to improve patient health outcomes and reduce the risk of future readmissions. 5,6 To improve patient access to care and reduce COPD read- mission rates, a postdischarge service, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Coordinated Access to Reduce Exacerba- tions (COPD CARE), was piloted beginning in 2015. 5 The COPD CARE pilot explored the use of interprofessional teams, patient aligned care teams, to deliver a timely, effective, and targeted COPD service during care transitions. The COPD CARE service uniquely integrated pharmacists for COPD chronic disease Disclosure: The authors declare no relevant conflicts of interest or financial relationships. * Correspondence: Edward C. Portillo, PharmD, Assistant Professor (CHS), University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacist Specialist, William S. Middleton Veterans Affairs Hospital, 777 Highland Avenue., Madison, WI 53705. E-mail address: Edward.portillo@wisc.edu (E.C. Portillo). Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of the American Pharmacists Association journal homepage: www.japha.org https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2020.10.023 1544-3191/© 2020 American Pharmacists Association ® . Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association xxx (2020) 1e7 SCIENCE AND PRACTICE