Auditory Evoked Potential (AEP) Based
Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) Technology:
A Short Review
Md Nahidul Islam
(B )
, Norizam Sulaiman, Bifta Sama Bari, Mamunur Rashid,
and Mahfuzah Mustafa
Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang,
26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia
nahidul76.edu@gmail.com, {norizam,mahfuzah}@ump.edu.my,
biftasama.eee@gmail.com, mamun110218@gmail.com
Abstract. Auditory evoked potential (AEP) is a sort of electroencephalographic
(EEG) signal elicited by an acoustic stimulus from the brain scalp. An intelligent
auditory perception level system helps the auditory system to analyze and assess
its functional integrity. Initially, the AEP signals are utilized in accurate and fast
hearing threshold level detection in early stage. However, this emerging psycho-
logical modality expands it applications like other EEG control signals. Recently,
AEP responses are initiated into the brain-computer technology (BCI) technology.
This paper presents a short review on AEP based BCI technology. First, a concise
overview of AEP signal and its analysis procedure are discussed. Then the existing
AEP based studies are reviewed and their summary in terms of data description,
feature extraction, classification methods and performance are tabulated. Finally,
the issues of the recent AEP signal analysis have been addressed and potential
ways are suggested to alleviate existing problems. Finally, the issues to the exist-
ing AEP based BCI technology are presented, and the possible solutions are also
recommended.
Keywords: Auditory Evoked Potential (AEP) · Electroencephalogram (EEG) ·
Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) · Machine learning
1 Introduction
Paralysis entails loss in one or more areas of the body of voluntary muscle activity due
to nervous system damage. The nervous system consists of two parts: Central Nervous
System (CNS) which includes the brain and spinal cord and the peripheral nervous
system (PNS) which includes nerves from outside the CNS [1]. Because paralysis can
happen with any muscle or group of muscles, it can affect many body functions. Some of
the issues that may arise alongside paralysis include: Problems with blood flow, breath-
ing, and heart rate, behavior and mood changes, Changes to muscles, joints, and bones
[1]. Patients with locked-in syndrome (LIS) or other types of paralysis have trouble in
communicating. The restoration of movement of chronic stroke or other brain injury
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
J. A. Mat Jizat et al. (Eds.): iCITES 2020, AISC 1350, pp. 272–284, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70917-4_26