ADCHE 8 (1) pp. 27–55 © Intellect Ltd 2009 27
Art, Design & Communication in Higher Education Volume 8 Number 1
Article. English language. doi: 10.1386/adche.8.1.27/1 © Intellect Ltd 2009
Keywords
accessibility
art education
Computer Supported
Collaborative
Learning
design research
film studies
inclusion
multimodality
usability
web-based learning
material
Concept maps in the design of an
accessible CinemaSense service
Antti Raike Media Lab, University of Art
and Design Helsinki (TaiK)
Kai Hakkarainen Department of Education,
University of Helsinki
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to produce accessible web-based study material
concerning cinematic expression, entitled CinemaSense (http://elokuvan-
taju.uiah.fi), suited to those of diverse backgrounds. The design of the web
service in question took place in collaboration with two groups of students
in two universities. The first ‘Novice Group’ consisted of seven deaf teacher-
training students who use Finnish Sign Language as their first language; they
were education majors in a five-year MA programme, preparing them for the
primary-level classroom. They were engaged in a two-year web-based study
concerning cinematic expression, culminating in making their own documen-
tary. The second ‘Expert Group’ consisted of five Finnish-speaking students
majoring in film who followed their own art school-based curriculum. The
participants were asked to draw concept maps concerning cinematic expres-
sion several times during the design experiment. The conceptions and struc-
tures of the participants’ concept maps significantly affected the design of
CinemaSense’s map-like user interface and assisted in validating design deci-
sions across three iterative cycles. Multi-level evidence gathered at the end of
the experiment indicated that the participants in the ‘Novice Group’ adopted
a novice film-maker’s perspective on films rather than a film-viewer’s per-
spective. Implications of creating more accessible learning environments are
discussed.
Introduction
In the present design study the objective was to develop the CinemaSense
web service (http://elokuvantaju.uiah.fi) to provide basic information on
film art. Technology-enhanced learning environments provide tools and
practices that facilitate inclusive processes of collaborative learning
across educational contexts serving diverse populations, in terms of
backgrounds and abilities. The purpose of the qualitative study was to
develop a tool and practice of Computer Supported Collaborative Learning
(CSCL) (Wasson, Ludvigsen and Hoppe 2003; Lehtinen, Hakkarainen,
Lipponen, Rahikainen and Muukkonen 1999) for learning cinematic
expression, which were more accessible and flexible in nature. The study