International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics | December 2021 | Vol 8 | Issue 12 Page 1926
International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics
Upadhyay N et al. Int J Contemp Pediatr. 2021 Dec;8(12):1926-1931
http://www.ijpediatrics.com
pISSN 2349-3283 | eISSN 2349-3291
Original Research Article
Foot length as a surrogate maker to identify birth weight
Nitesh Upadhyay, Minhajuddin Ahmed*
INTRODUCTION
Birth weight is affected by socio-demographic, clinical,
racial, hereditary, personal and even seasonal and
geographical factors. It is not only a critical determinant
of survival, future growth and development of the child
but also, a valuable indicator of maternal health, nutrition
and quality of antenatal services.
1
Birth weight has been accepted as the most important
reliable index of the health status of the community and is
an indicator of neonatal morbidity and mortality.
2
About 15% or 20.3 million of all live birth worldwide are
estimated to be LBW i.e. <2500 gm and account for 60-
80% of all neonatal deaths.
3-5
Additionally, some 96.1%
or 19.5 million LBW infants live in developing countries,
with sub Saharan Africa accounting for about one fifth.
4,5
It is estimated that about 30% of babies born in India are
LBW and prematurity contributes to over 80% of all
neonatal deaths in developing countries and according to
national family health survey phase III, prevalence of
LBW babies is 22.5%.
6
Accurate weight record is a
sensitive index of their well-being and availability of a
sturdy and reliable weighing machine fulfils fundamental
need. In the recent years, there has been a considerable
interest in using simple anthropometric measures as a
proxy for birth weight and gestational age. In response to
the demand for a rapid, explicit, simple, and reliable
screening approach for LBW, other anthropometric
measurement at birth have been studied as surrogates for
ABSTRACT
Background: Gestational age and birth weight is an important predicator for morbidity and mortality in neonates.
Aim was to determine the correlation of foot length with birth weight and gestational age in neonates.
Methods: This was a prospective observational study done in the neonatal unit department of pediatrics in Chirayu
medical college and hospital, Bhopal. There were 1739 deliveries included during the study period from January 2016
to December 2020. Study group comprised of all live born babies delivered in within 24 hours of birth who fulfilled
the inclusion criteria.
Results: The study comprised of 1739 newborn babies, out of which 896 (51.51%) were males and 843 (48.49%)
were females. Male:female ratio 1.06:1. In our study group, 337 (15.6%) babies were preterm and 1385 (84.39%)
were of term gestation. We found a positive linear correlation of foot length with all birth weight groups in a newborn
with a correlation coefficient (r=0.78) and p<0.001 was found. Similarly, a positive correlation of foot length and
gestational age of newborn in both term and preterm babies with (r=0.83) with p<0.01. Foot length has 87.4%
sensitivity and 91.7% specificity among low-birth-weight babies with respect to cut off foot length of 75.5 mm. Foot
length has 78.7% sensitivity and 63.7% specificity among preterm babies.
Conclusions: Foot length can be used as a screening tool to identify low birth weight (LBW) and preterm babies as it
had a higher sensitivity and specificity.
Keywords: Foot length, Pre-term, LBW, Newborn
Department Of Pediatrics, Chirayu Medical College and Hospital, Bhaisakhedi, Bhopal Indore Highway, Bhopal,
Madhya Pradesh, India
Received: 07 November 2021
Revised: 21 November 2021
Accepted: 22 November 2021
*Correspondence:
Dr. Minhajuddin Ahmed,
E-mail: minzahmad@yahoo.co.in
Copyright: © the author(s), publisher and licensee Medip Academy. This is an open-access article distributed under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20214530