Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2023 Aug, Vol-17(8): YC06-YC10 6 6 DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2023/64151.18314 Original Article Physiotherapy Section Impact of Different Types of Bikes on Post-ride Pain and Insights into Strategies Adopted by Recreational Cyclists from Gurugram to Alleviate Pain: A Cross-sectional Survey INTRODUCTION In the post-pandemic era, people have increasingly turned to cycling as a recreational activity. It not only enhances their aerobic capacity but also allows them to exercise without coming into contact with others. Cycling has gained popularity due to its ease of indulgence, low maintenance requirements, and the independence it offers to cyclists [1]. There are three commonly used types of bikes: road bikes, hybrids, and mountain bikes. Each of these bikes serves different purposes and has distinct designs. Cyclists choose their preferred type based on their individual preferences [2]. For example, if a cyclist's goal is to build strength, they may opt for a mountain bike. If their aim is to cycle at high speeds, they may choose a road bike, which is designed to be aerodynamic and lightweight. Hybrids, on the other hand, offer a combination of features from both designs, allowing for relatively high speeds while being more sturdy compared to road bikes. In the context of Indian roads, hybrids have been found to work well for long rides. Although their design and performance characteristics, such as the interim design of their tires between road bikes and mountain bikes, are known, it is yet to be explored which type of bike causes the most pain in riders [3]. The best way to avoid injuries when riding a bicycle is to encourage people to wear helmets. Other preventive measures include wearing protective gear and clothing and following general safety guidelines [4]. The majority of mountain bike accidents occur in riders between the ages of 20 and 39 [5]. In the event of a crash, the saddle and seat-post may cause genital and rectal injuries [6], while landing on the handlebars can lead to visceral and vascular penetration [7]. Bicyclists who regularly ride their bikes, especially those involved in professional racing, are at risk of developing overuse injuries. These can be mostly prevented by ensuring that the bicycle's handlebars, pedals, seat (saddle), and size are all properly adjusted [4,8]. The cyclist's upper body position, which places the neck in a hyperextended position and the lower back in a flexed position, often leads to neck and back pain [9,10]. Recommendations for addressing these issues include shortening the handlebar reach and creating a slight upward tilt of the saddle (10 to 15 degrees). Regularly changing hand and arm positions on the handlebars, while keeping the elbows slightly flexed, is also advised. Rest, stretching exercises, and anti-inflammatory medications are additional measures [8-10]. Compression neuropathies in the hands may occur due to persistent pressure on the handlebars and improper wrist positioning [11]. The deep palmar branch of the ulnar nerve, located near the Guyon tunnel (ulnar tunnel) and anterior to the palmar fascia, is most commonly affected [8,12]. Research on elite APARNA GUPTA 1 , SHEETAL KALRA 2 Keywords: Hybrid bike, Mountain bike, Non-traumatic injuries, Physiotherapy ABSTRACT Introduction: Non-traumatic injuries are prevalent among long- distance cyclists. However, there is a lack of studies analysing the impact of different types of bikes on the pain experienced by cyclists or the physiotherapy measures commonly adopted by cyclists post-ride. Aim: To understand the impact of different types of bikes on the pain experienced by cyclists and to identify the physiotherapeutic measures commonly adopted by Indian cyclists. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 120 cyclists (94 males and 26 females) from three different cycling groups in Gurugram, Haryana, India. Data was collected from August 2022 to September 2022. A self- structured questionnaire was used to collect information on sociodemographic profile, type of bike used, duration of cycling, average distance and speed covered, areas and types of pain experienced, and measures taken to address pain. The data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0. The level of significance was set at p≤0.05. Data was presented as frequencies and percentages, and comparisons were made using Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-square tests. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 39.36±11.88 years. The average speed and distance covered in one ride were 22.52±4.73 km/hour and 43.50±15.32 km, respectively. A statistically significant association between the type of bike used and pain status (p<0.05) was observed. 65% of riders reported experiencing pain in some part of their body in the last six months. Pain was more prevalent among hybrid bike users compared to mountain and road bike users. Male cyclists had a faster average speed compared to female cyclists by 5 km/hour. The average distance covered by male and female cyclists was similar, with just a 1 km difference. Cyclists commonly experienced pain in the wrists, legs, back, and neck. 19.1% of riders did nothing or only rested to address pain, while 21.66% opted for muscle stretching, 9.16% engaged in exercises, and 3.33% used cycling gloves for wrist and hand pain. Other measures included transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), dry needling, icing, refitting or changing the bike, and taking supplements. Conclusion: Among different types of bikes, hybrid bike users showed a higher incidence of pain. Cyclists in Gurugram tend to utilise limited physiotherapy measures to alleviate pain and enhance performance.