Research Article
Applications and Properties for Bivariate Bell-Based Frobenius-
Type Eulerian Polynomials
Waseem Ahmad Khan ,
1
Maryam Salem Alatawi ,
2
and Ugur Duran
3
1
Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, P.O. Box 1664,
Al Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia
2
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
3
Department of Basic Sciences of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, İskenderun Technical University,
Hatay 31200, Turkey
Correspondence should be addressed to Waseem Ahmad Khan; wkhan1@pmu.edu.sa
and Maryam Salem Alatawi; msoalatawi@ut.edu.sa
Received 2 September 2022; Accepted 15 October 2022; Published 25 August 2023
Academic Editor: Sarfraz Nawaz Malik
Copyright © 2023 Waseem Ahmad Khan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
In this study, we introduce sine and cosine Bell-based Frobenius-type Eulerian polynomials, and by presenting several relations
and applications, we analyze certain properties. Our first step is to obtain diverse relations and formulas that cover summation
formulas, addition formulas, relations with earlier polynomials in the literature, and differentiation rules. Finally, after
determining the first few zero values of the Eulerian polynomials, we draw graphical representations of these zero values.
1. Introduction
In recent times, the use of sine and cosine polynomials has
led to the definition and construction of generating func-
tions for new families of special polynomials, such as
Bernoulli, Euler, and Genocchi; see [1–4]. Fundamental
properties and diverse applications for these polynomials
have been provided by these types of studies. For instance,
not only various implicit and explicit summation formulas,
differentiation-integration formulas, symmetric identities,
and a lot of relationships with the well-known polynomials
have been deeply investigated but also graphical representa-
tions of the zero values of these polynomials are drawn after
determining them. Moreover, the aforementioned polyno-
mials allow us to investigate worthwhile properties from a
very basic procedure and assist to define novel types of spe-
cial polynomials. Motivated by the above, in this paper, we
define the cosine and sine Bell-based Frobenius-type Euler-
ian polynomials and examine several properties and applica-
tions. Our first step is to obtain diverse relations and
formulas that cover summation formulas, addition formulas,
relations with earlier polynomials in the literature, and dif-
ferentiation rules. Finally, after determining the first few zero
values of the Eulerian polynomials, we draw graphical repre-
sentations of these zero values.
Let ξ ∈ ℝ denotes the set of all real numbers and λ ∈ ℂ
denotes the set of all complex numbers with λ ≠ 1. The
Frobenius-type Eulerian polynomial of order α ∈ ℂ is intro-
duced as follows (see [5–7]):
1 − λ
e
z λ−1 ð Þ
− λ
α
e
ξz
= 〠
∞
j=0
A
α ðÞ
j
ξjλ ð Þ
z
j
j!
,
log λ
λ − 1
> z jj: ð1Þ
The Frobenius-type Eulerian polynomials have worked
by many mathematicians; see [6–11].
Upon setting ξ =0, A
ðαÞ
j
ðλÞ = A
ðαÞ
j
ð0jλÞ are termed the
Frobenius-type Eulerian numbers of order α. In view of
(1), it can be readily observed that
A
α ðÞ
j
ξjλ ð Þ = 〠
j
ν=0
j
ν
!
A
α ðÞ
ν
λ ðÞξ
j−ν
,
A
α ðÞ
j
ξjλ ð Þ = λ − 1 ð Þ
j
ℍ
α ðÞ
j
ξ
λ − 1
λ
,
ð2Þ
Hindawi
Journal of Function Spaces
Volume 2023, Article ID 5205867, 10 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5205867