164 DOI: 10.4324/9781003318170-15 12 CHANGING PEOPLE’S ATTITUDE TOWARDS URBAN RIVER IN YOGYAKARTA Te Case of the Mundur-Munggah-Madhep Kali Movement Wiryono Raharjo and Paulus Bawole Introduction Yogyakarta is the capital city of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY, the Special Territory of Yogyakarta), a province situated in the central part of Java island. The city rests halfway between Merapi volcano to the north and the Southern Beach of Java to the south. Merapi becomes the upstream of three main rivers that fow across the city, namely Winongo, Code (pro- nounced “Cho-day”), and Gajahwong rivers (Figure 12.1), which have become the haven of informal settlements that increased since the mid Twentieth Century (see also Chapter 8 by Murwani et al). In response to the continuous growth of informal settlements along these rivers, governments and non-governmental organisations have conducted some slum upgrading initiatives. The most recent example of the government’s assisted programme is the ongoing KOTAKU (Kota Tanpa Kumuh – City Without Slum) programme. The KOTAKU programme delivers a 100-0-100 approach – 100 per cent universal access to drinking water, 0 per cent slum, and 100 per cent access to decent sanitation (Bappenas 2014). It replaced the previous PLPBK (Pembangunan Lingkungan Permukiman Berbasis Komunitas – Community-Based Human Settlements Development), a similar programme operated in 2009–2015. Two decades before the initiation of PLPBK, the late YB Mangunwijaya (popularly known as Romo Mangun – an architect, priest, and novelist) facilitated a non-government initiative on slum upgrading. He intended to liberate the slum dwellers of Code riverbank against the municipal government’s repressive approach to the slum problem during the New Order regime (Khudori 2002). The initiative was considered inspirational by the Aga Khan Award’s juries in the 1990–1992 Rounds, leading to the award’s granting to the project (AKDN 2021). It inspired other self-help upgrading initiatives, such as colourful Kampung Jodipan in Malang (Widianto 2016). The government and non-governmental slum upgrading activities outlined above require community involvement in the decision-making process. This chapter investigates the M3K Roitman, S., & Rukmana, D. (Eds.). (2022). Routledge handbook of urban indonesia. Taylor & Francis Group. Created from uwa on 2023-02-24 01:31:41. Copyright © 2022. Taylor & Francis Group. All rights reserved.