Open Access ISSN: 2155-6113 Journal of AIDS & Clinical Research Research Article Volume 12:6, 2021 Abstract Background: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has decreased the mortality and morbidity among people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWH). Viral load (VL) has been used by clinicians as primary tool recommended by WHO to monitor patients progress on High Antiretroviral active therapy (HAART). There is a paucity of information on Virological and immunological outcomes of HIV infected drug experience adults’ patients in north central Nigeria. We conducted a tertiary hospital based cross-sectional study at federal medical centre in Nasarawa state between December 2019 to march 2020. Method: A total of 474 HIV positive adult were enrolled using a Systematic random technique. Blood specimen for CD+4 T cells count and viral load determination were obtained and PCR-Real time and Flow-cytometry were used to estimate plasma viral load and CD4+ T cell count respectively. Frequency was used to determine percentage and logistic regression was used to determine the associated factors with Virological suppression and immunology outcome in patients on HAART 95% CI and odd ratio (OR) was used to measure strength of association. Results: From the 474 cohort that were enrolled 34.6% were on WHO baseline clinical stage IIV and 57.8% of cohort were on HAART, started treatment regimen in less than a year with 42.2% diagnosed and confirmed with HIV infection between 1-5years. 57.8% were transferred into the centre as a major reason for enrolment. 57.8% has history of TB treatment in the past while 42.2% of the study participants who were eligible for treatment initiation were determine by CD4+ counts with a median interquartile range of 180 (92-300) cells/mm 3 . virological suppression (VL level < 1000 copies/ml) was found in 85% (95% CI 77.7, 86.1) of study participants, and it has been associated with CD4 cell count between 250 and 400 cells/mm 3 (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.56; 95% CI 1.14, 5.75) and > 499 cells/mm 3 (AOR = 7.71; 95% CI 3.48, 17.09) at VL testing and current age > 40 years old (AOR = 5.40; 95% CI 2.3, 10.01). Similarly, favourable immunological status (≥250 cells/mm 3 for male and ≥ 600 cells/mm 3 for female) was observed in 52.9% (95% CI 47.4, 58.8) of the study participants. Baseline CD4 cell count of > 200 cells/mm 3 , age at enrolment of 26 through 40 years old, and urban residency were significantly associated with favourable immunological outcome. Conclusion: Low Immunological recovery among study cohort was observed although viral suppression was shown in majority of the HIV infected adult who are on HAART. Early initiation on HAART should be encouraged in other to achieve immunological recovery and viral suppression in order to achieve the USAIDS- 90-90-90 to end HIV pandemic by 2030. Keywords: Suppression • Virological • Immunological • Mortality • Morbidity Abbreviations: AIDS: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome • HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus • HAART: High Antiretroviral Active Therapy • ART: Antiretroviral Therapy • VL: Viral Load • WHO: World Health Organization *Address for Correspondence: Adamu Ishaku Akyala, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria, Tel: + 07030983655; E-mail: akyalaisaac@yahoo.com Copyright: © 2021 Eseohe MB, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Received 04 June 2021; Accepted 22 June 2021; Published 29 June 2021 Virological and Immunologic Outcome of HIV Infected Drug Experienced Adults in North Central Nigeria Momoh Belinda Eseohe 1 , Ruth Awayimbo Jaggu 1 , Anowai Clementina O 2 , Kingsley Anyiam 1 , David Ishaleku 1 , and Adamu Ishaku Akyala 1 * 1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria 2 Primary Health Care Board, Federal Capital Territory Administration. Abuja, Nigeria Introduction The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has continues to become a global public health burden with 39.7 million of people living with HIV globally in 2020 [1]. In Sub-Sahara Africa region, it’s estimated that over 70% of HIV new infection occurs annually with increase in morbidity and mortality [2]. Over the years, high active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been used to reduce HIV related morbidity and mortality [3]. There has been great transformation in HIV infection management from been fatal to a manageable chronic disease due to HAART [4]. In resource limited countries, rapid scale-up of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) for HIV (AIDS) and it has been successful [5]. In Nigeria, significant progress has been in terms of HIV prevention and control with programs been implemented that has reduced related HIV complications [6]. This program includes scale-up of ART treatment with optimal access. Nigeria also helped the “test & treat” approach a 2016 WHO consolidated guideline on the use of anti-retroviral drugs for the management for HIV infection. There has been usable decline. In the annual new infection in Nigeria as a result of scale- up of HIV care related services. Despite rapid scale up of HIV related service delivery in Sub-Sahara Africa and other resource constrain countries, there has been increase in HIV drugs resistances which has become a challenge in many national ART roll-out programs [6], it has become pertinent to have a robust treatment monitoring response approach [7]. Plasma HIV RNA titer and CD4+ cell count is used in clinical practice to monitor treatment response; they are also used as diagnostic Manuel to evaluate disease progression. In the absence of viral load testing platform in resources constrain settings, CD4+T cell count is used to monitor the ART. Increase in CD4+ T cell count is associated with decrease in HIV viral load for a sustained response to HAART [7]. In clinical practice, Virological and immunological response to ART can be measured by the ability of the immune system to suppress viral replication which is time dependent. However, it’s critical evident for policy makers in