~ 19 ~ Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies 2014; 2(5): 19-23 ISSN 2320-3862 JMPS 2014; 2(5): 19-23 © 2014 JMPS Received: 24-07-2014 Accepted: 11-08-2014 Alqasim Abdullahi Mustapha 1 Department of Biochemistry and M olecular Biology, Nasarawa State University, K effi, Nigeria. Michael Okey Enemali 1 Department of Biochemistry and M olecular Biology, Nasarawa State University, K effi, Nigeria Muhammed Olose Department of Biochemistry and M olecular Biology, Nasarawa State University, K effi, Nigeria Gabriel Owuna Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Science, Nasarawa State University, K effi, Nigeria. Jafar Osolafiya Ogaji Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Science, Nasarawa State University, K effi, Nigeria. Mukhtar Muhammad Idris Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Science, Nasarawa State University, K effi, Nigeria. Victor Ochapa Aboh M edical M icrobiology Unit, M edical Laboratory Department, Federal Medical Centre K effi, Nigeria. Correspondence: Alqasim Abdullahi Mustapha Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria. Phytoconstituents and Antibacterial efficacy of Mango (Mangiferaindica) leave extracts Alqasim Abdullahi Mustapha, Michael Okey Enemali, Muhammed Olose, Gabriel Owuna, Jafar Osolafiya Ogaji, Mukhtar Muhammad Idris, Victor Ochapa Aboh Abstract The palm wine and ethanol extracts of Mangifera indica leaves revealed the bioactive compound from the phytoconstituents analysis to include alkaloids, carbohydrate, anthranol glycosides, triterpenes, phenol, flavonoids and amino acid as shown and saponin was only found in the palm wine extract. Screening the two extracts for antibacterial activity against Shigella flexneri, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus spp showed that palm wine extract was more effective than ethanol extract. Palm wine extract showed the highest antibacterial activity on all the five test organisms with zones of inhibition ranging from 18 to 24 mm at a concentration of 25 and 12.5 mgml -1 and showed no sensitivity at concentration 6.25, 3.125 and 1.5625 mgml -1 . Ethanol extract showed no inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and weak inhibitory effects against the other four organisms. Gentamycin which was used as a positive control showed a strong inhibitory effect against all the tested organisms compared to all the leave extracts. The result showed that the MIC of palm wine and ethanol extract was 12.5 mgml -1 for all the organisms tested. The palm wine extract was found to be bactericidal to all the test bacteria, while the ethanol extract was found to be bacteriostatic to the test bacteria with the exception to Staphylococcus aureus which showed no inhibition. The concentration of the extract is directly proportional to the inhibitory activity exerted on the bacterial isolates. Shigella flexneri was the most susceptible organism to the palm wine leave extract, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the least susceptible organism. Shigella flexneri was the most susceptible to the ethanol leave extract and Escherichia coli was the least susceptible organism with the exception of Staphylococcus aureus with no susceptibility but resistance. Keywords: Phytoconstituents, Palm wine, Ethanol, Bacteria, Mangifera indica. 1. Introduction Medicinal plants occupy an important position of being the paramount sources of the discovery of pharmacology in recent year [1] . Medicinal plants contain biologically active components which over the years have been exploited in the traditional medical practices for the treatment of various ailments [2] . For a long period of time, plants have been a valuable source of natural products for maintaining well-being in the last decade, with more increasing studies for natural therapies. Medicinal plants might be the best source to obtain a variety of drugs. About 80% of individuals from developed countries use traditional medicine, containing compounds isolated from medicinal plants [3] . Therefore, such plants should be investigated to better understand their properties, safety and efficiency [4] . Many plants have been used because of their antimicrobial properties, which are due to compounds produced in the secondary metabolism of the plant. These compounds are identified by their active substances, for instance, the phenolic compounds which are part of the essential oils [5] , also as in tannin [6] . According to the WHO, medicinal plants would be the greatest source to obtain a wide range of drugs with antimicrobial properties [7] . Ethnobotanical surveys carried out in Nigeria and elsewhere in the world have reported a number of plants that are used in the treatment of infectious diseases, including Mangifera indica [8-9] . Mangifera indica is a large evergreen tree, with a heavy, dome-shaped crown. It belongs to the family Anacardiaceae. It is found in the tropics where it is used as a horticultural and medicinal plant [10] . Fruits contain protein, fat, carbohydrate, minerals, vitamins A, B and C and amino acids. The fruits also yield a resin that is said to contain mangiferin, mangiferic acid, resinol and maniferol and others [11-12] . The leaves contain the glucoside mangiferin.