ELSEVIER Journal of Molecular Structure (Theochem) 311 (1994)
THEO
CHEM
Electronic excitations in fullerenes: Jahn- Teller distorted
structures of C
60
Peter R. Surjan'v":", Laszlo Udvardi", Karoly Nemeth"
"Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Eotvos University, H-1518 P.O. Box 32, Budapest 112, Hungary
"Quanium Theory Group, Institute of Physics, Technical University, Budafoki ut 8, H-1521 Budapest, Hungary
(Received 19 July 1993; accepted 14 September 1993)
Abstract
The ground state wavefunction of the neutral icosahedral C
60
molecule belongs to the total symmetric one-dimen-
sional A
g
representation. However, the degeneracy of the HOMO is five-fold while the LUMO is triply degenerate. This
means that the lowest excited and ionized many-electron states will also be degenerate, and thus they are subjected to
Jahn- Teller distortions. In this work we used a simple model Hamiltonian to study the extent and energy of the
distortions arising due to excitations. For the -r-electrons we used a Pariser-Parr-Pople type wavefunction augmented
by an empirical potential to describe the (J cores. The zr-electron part of the Hamiltonian depends on the bond lengths
which can be optimized by means of simple gradient techniques. The excited states are described by the Tamm - Dancoff
approximation (all single CI). In order to locate the distorted states on the energy hypersurface, the degenerate excited
states were reduced according to those subgroups of the I
h
group that contain one-dimensional (that is, Jahn--Teller
inactive) irreducible representations in an excitation subspace. Distorted structures of D
2h
, D
3d
, D
Sd
and T
h
symmetries
were determined. The extent of the distortions is small, the largest change in bond lengths being 0.02 A. The Jahn Teller
distortion energies were found to be typically I kcal mol ": Singlet and triplet excited state spectra were computed
using the CNDO/S-CI method. Comparison of the calculated spectra with experimental results shows evidence of
Teller distortions.
1. Introduction
In spite of the thousands of papers that are
presently being published on fullerenes, these
highly symmetric novel materials still continue to
attract investigations in basic research (1-4]. A
detailed theoretical description of the electronic
and geometrical structure of individual ground
state C
60
molecules has already been elucidated
at various levels, including semiempirical and
*Corresponding author.
more sophisticated (ab initio) quantum chemical
methods [5-9], including the approximate
treatment of electron correlation [10, 11]. An
important feature of C
60
is that it belongs to
the icosahedral point group lh' which is the
largest finite subgroup of the rotation group
03; thus this molecule exhibits the highest possible
finite symmetry in nature. The ground state
wavefunction is of symmetry A
1g
(the dominant
configuration comes from completely filled levels)
which is one-dimensional. The lh group possesses
three-, four- and five-dimensional representations
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