Captivating Brand Hate Using
Contemporary Metrics: A Structural
Equation Modelling Approach
Richa Joshi
1
Rajan Yadav
2
Abstract
Brand polarity has gained considerable attention among researchers all over the world. Brands are trapped in a dilemma of love and
hate experienced by their users. They are trying hard to place themselves in a favourable position which could fetch them more rev-
enue and positive electronic word of mouth (e-WOM). Most of the literature in branding revolves around brand satisfaction, brand
loyalty, brand equity and brand image, but there are relatively lesser studies which discuss brand hate (BH). However, it is a crucial
emotion related to the brand. Therefore, this study has tried to fill this void in the literature by focusing on the antecedents of BH. The
present research has tried to validate the effect of negative past experience (NPE) and subjective norm on BH along with the mediating
effect of BH between the relationship of NPE and negative e-WOM. It has also tried to examine the moderating role of internet usage
in the relationship of NPE and BH with negative e-WOM.
Key Words
Brand Hate, Mediation, Moderating Effect, Negative e-WOM, Negative Past Experience, Subjective Norm
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DOI: 10.1177/0972262919892173
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Introduction
Brand polarity has gained popularity from the last few years,
and scholars and practitioners are trying to capture the oscil-
lation of human emotions from positive to negative towards
various brands. Brand-associated behavioural aspect has got
considerable attention, and such approach is found to be
relatively new in capturing perspectives of consumers.
However, positive emotions are discussed more in the exist-
ing researches. Brand love is found to be an intense feeling
related to the brand, and various researchers such as Batra,
Ahuvia, and Bagozzi (2012) and Carroll and Ahuvia (2006)
have discussed this construct. Love is believed to be a deep
emotion and so is hate; therefore it is vital to understand
the underlying role of brand hate (BH) on the consumer per-
spective. People tend to remember and discuss negative
aspects of the brand more than the positive ones. They
discuss and share negative reviews more, whereas the
positive experiences are less talked and discussed; it is
termed as ‘negativity bias’ by Kanouse and Hanson (1972).
Such incongruity paves a path for the researchers to explore
the negative opinions and perspectives possessed by the
consumer. With the advent of the internet, the expression of
negative feelings is more frequent and easy these days.
Social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook are
used for expression of opinion towards everything from
politics to Bollywood and brands are not spared.
Though the construct carry such strong implications for
marketers, still there is a dearth of studies which elaborate
on BH in the literature of consumer behaviour. Hate is as
important as love and the effect of BH on negative elec-
tronic word of mouth (e-WOM) is as significant for the
marketer as the positive word of mouth. As per authors
knowledge, there is no such study which explores the mod-
erating role of internet usage in the relationships of BH and
negative e-WOM. Along with this, the present study has
Article
1
Department of Management Studies, National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, India.
2
Delhi School of Management, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India.
Corresponding author:
Dr. Richa Joshi, Assistant Professor, National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh 177005, India.
E-mail: richardias86@gmail.com